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Abstract
The shoulder joint is anatomically complex, with numerous structures contributing to both mobility and stability of the joint
Shoulder pain is a common complaint which may be caused by rotator cuff disorders, biceps tendon disorders,shoulder instability ,shoulder trauma and fractures, nerve lesion and even referred pain from cervical pathology.
Recently ,musculoskeletal ultrasonography is becoming an attractive imaging modality for evaluation of the joints and the peri-articular pathology.
Rotator cuff tears were identified as fluid filled defect within the tendon,or as non visualization of the tendon in full thickness tear.loss of normal convexity and hypoechoic focal defect are the main sonographic signs in partial thickness tears . indirect sonographic findings associated with rotator cuff tears were subdeltoid bursal collection , joint effusion,bicipital tendinits and subluxation,and bone irregularities.
The ultrasonography could detect rotator cuff disorders with sensitivity of 94% ,and specifity of 100%, The ultrasound could detect full thickness rotator cuff tears with the same results in comparison to non contrast MRI, while this sensitivity decreased to 93% in detection of partial thickness teares.Tendinitis of the rotator cuff has the lowest sensitivity(77%) in comparison to other rotator cuff disorders, this was due to diffuse and variable echogenic changes of the tendinitis, which could not be clearly identified on ultrasound examination.