الفهرس 
History of Endoscopic SurgeryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The first planned laparoscopic colon operations were performed by fowler, Franklin and Jacobs in 1990, and since that time innumerable procedures have been performed to control bleeding, relieve obstruction, remove tumors, cure infections, and aid defecation.
Important principles of colonic surgery include:
Control infection
Ensure continuity of function
Minimize blood loss
Avoid large wounds
Obviate short- and long-term complications
Minimize pain
Alleviate the problem for which operations is being performed