الفهرس 
DEVELOPMENT OF PAIN PERCEPTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Recent studies show that anatomic connections from afferent nerves right up to the cortex are present even in the most preterm infant. Infants, including newborn babies, experience pain similarly and probably more intensely than older children and adults. They are also at risk of adverse long term effects on behavior and development, through inadequate attention towards pain relief in early life.
The initial effects of nociception can be categorized under physiologic responses, behavioral responses, and stress responses, and these have been used either individually or together to form the basis of measurement of the severity of noxious stimuli.
It is clear that in neonates repeated noxious stimuli produce hypersensitivity to further stimulation and circumcision causes behavioral changes such as irritability, reduced attentiveness, and poor orientation that may continue for several days, long after the expected duration of pain.