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Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an uncommon angiographic finding, the prevalence in most series ranges from 0.3% (Cokkinos, 1999) to 5.3% (Demopoules et al., 1997).
The most accepted definition for CAE was provided by Hartnell et al. (1985) who defined CAE as arterial segment with a diameter of at least 1.5 times the diameter of adjacent normal coronary artery segment.
CAE was classified to:
• Diffuse ectasia or localized ectasia. (Williams and Stewart, 1994).
• Fusiform or Saccular ectasia (Michael and Ralph, 1994).
• Markis classification:
Type I: Diffuse ectasia of two or three vessels.
Type II: Diffuse ectasia of one vessel and localized ectasia in another vessel.
Type III: Diffuse ectasia of one vessel.
Type IV: Localized or segmental ectasia in one vessel
(Markis et al., 1976).
Pathophysiology:
1. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of C.A.E and there is a high association of CAE with stenotic coronary artery disease (Demopoulos et al., 1997).
2. Congenital coronary artery ectasia (Hallman et al., 1966).
3. Inflammatory, collagen and connective tissue diseases: as Kawasaki disease, Takayashu disease, Sclerodermal heart disease, Polarteritis nodasa, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Ehler-Danols syndrome and Marfan syndrome.
4. Chronic relaxation hypothesis (Sorrell et al., 1998).
5. Iatrogenic during coronary atherectomy (Safian et al., 1990).