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Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the important problems encountered in neonatal units which is clinical observed in 60% of full-term and 80% of preterm infants. Free radicals damage has been recognized as a common pathogenic mechanism of many neonatal diseases. It may be evolved after hyperoxia or post-ischemic reperfusion.
Cells normally respond to oxidative stress by up grading of the antioxidant defenses including antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant vitamins, and other protective systems. But over production of free radicals damages proteins, lipids and DNA and leads to cell transformations or cell death.
Preterm infants are at high risk for free radicals damage, due to evidence of an imbalance between antioxidant and oxidant generating systems. Nitric oxide is important free radical in low concentrations is not toxic but if produced in excess part of it is directed against the circulating erythrocytes and may cause hemolysis.
Lipid peroxidation of the erythrocyte membranes exterminates their ability to change form as they pass through the capillaries and leads to intravascular hemolysis.
This reactions can only be controlled through the intermediary of antioxidant substances.