الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ten barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare) were characterized on biochemical and molecular bases. Six yield components characters and the correlations between each two characters were studied. Protein banding patterns using PAGE- SDS and isoelectric focusing as well as isozyme variations were carried out to identify the biochemical genetic fingerprint of each cultivar. Meanwhile, a trial to identify the molecular genetic fingerprints of the studied cultivars was carried out. In this respect, eleven primers were tested to perform random – PCR analysis, but only nine of them were succeeded to amplify DNA and hence gave a fingerprint for each cultivar. Based on the obtained data (polyacrylamide PAGE- SDS banding pattern, isozyme, and PCR products), a phylogenetic map i.e., dendrogram were constructed for the studied cultivars. Micropropagation trials were carried out via sections of mature embryo culture for the studied cultivars, using MS medium with five concentrations of 2,4-D (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mg/L).