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المستخلص
The non Hodgkin lymphomas are a hetergenous group of malignances of B cells, T cells, and rarely natural killer cells that usually originate in the lymph nodes but they may originate in any organ of the body. In Egypt NHLs come the third in frequency of malignancies (16%) after breast and bladder cancers.
The pathogenesis of NHL is a highly complex process involving disruption of the physiologic balance between cell proliferation and death. So activation of protooncogenes or loss of function of tumor suppressor genes leads to disturbed balance between proliferation and differentiation which is characteristic of lymphomagenesis. Three types have been encountered in oncogene activation, which are: activation by chromosomal translocations, point mutation or gene amplification. The mechanisms by which tumor suppressor genes are inactivated include point mutations, gross deletion and hypermethylation.
Follicular lymphoma is a neoplasm of a follicle center B cell that is composed of a mixture of cleaved follicle center cells (centrocytes) and large noncleaved follicle center cells (centroblasts). It is the most common of the indolent NHL’s that accounts for approximately 30% of adult NHL. It is categorized as low-grade lymphoma because of the long median survival, but the disease is difficult to cure because of frequent recurrence.