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Abstract
Bladder carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumor in Egypt. It constitutes 30.3% of all cancers, 40.6% of the male cancers and 14.3% of female cancers (El-bolkainy, 1998). The association of bladder cancer and schistomiasis has long been evident in many epidemiologic studies (Abd El Mohsen et al, 1999).
Identification of patients with bladder carcinoma at high risk of tumor invasion and early metastasis is mandatory to provide an optimal specific dealing with those patients. Prognostic markers may be the tools to accomplish this. Hopefully advanced methods and new clinically valuable prognostic probes could be evolved from better understanding the molecular basis of tumor progress and metastasis.