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Abstract
As the applications of the ultrashort laser pulses increase, more studies of the energy stability of these pulses are needed. The mode-locked, powerful, ultrashort laser pulses are used in many different scientific, medical, technological, and industrial applications. The energy stability of the mode-locked laser pulses depends highly on the Q-switching and mode-locking techniques which are used to provide such ultrashort laser pulses. These techniques are well-known, and are used for Nd:YAG laser systems. One of these mode-locked Nd:YAG laser systems had been constructed for Helwan Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) station, located in Helwan - Egypt, by a group of scientists and engineers from the department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering (FNSPE), Czech Technical University (CTU) in Prague, Czech Republic. The group research and development is directed to the field of laser ranging technology, picosecond timing techniques, and picosecond solid state photon counting. The picosecond timing techniques are developed and applied in laser ranging and detectors diagnostics. Ultrashort pulses are usually generated with passively or actively mode-locked lasers.