الفهرس 
CHAPTER I: Eating DisordersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Supervisor Mohamed Ezzat Elwan, Shebie Said Shebl,In her Continuous search fo identity and esteem conflicting With her natural desire to attract male’s attention in a world ruled by men; the female had always the perfect driving force for lots of her miseries. In the b new era of changing roles and ideals; it was therefore expected that, a new neurotic fear for females will emerge to be reflected into their own bodies in the form of a dreadful fear of fatness and body dissatisfaction. The new fears were expected to be expressed in vulnerable females in the form of eating disorders. Eating disorders are common chronic conditions in adolescent women. The causes remain uncertain, but probably arise as a consequence of psychosocial stress in those with an innate vulnerability (e.g. compulsive personality traits in anorexia nervosa, robust appetite in bulimia nervosa). Eating disorders continue to be on the rise among college students.When entering college, people experience many different feelings and emotions. Some may feel excited and feel hopeful about their future. Others may not experience those same feelings and may not be ready to enter into such an environment. It takes time for people to adjust to college life. Many start to feel all the pressures from the minute they arrive. Pressures included type of study, exams, worries about being accepted by peers or being independent. All this together can be very stressful and students turn to eating disorders as a way to cope Considerable evidence exists indicating that women with ED may experience more stressful events than women without ED. Several theories incorporate stress and coping in the development of ED especially binge eating. For example, binge eating is precipitated by stress and provides a means of distraction from stressors. While other theories do not incorporate stress but incorporateinadequate coping, conceptualizing it as a moderator of the path between restrained eating and bulimic symptoms and between negative affect and bulimic symptoms. Other research has found that women with eatingdisorders do not necessarily experience more stressful events, but appear to appraise these events as more stressful. In addition to stress and coping variables, there are certain psychological factors as low self-esteem, poor interoceptive awareness,perfectionism and impulsivity. Low self-esteem renders women vulnerable to develop ED Women with low self-esteem are more vulnerable to socio-cultural pressures to conform to a thin ideal and attempt to compensate for selfesteem deficits by improving their external appearance in the form ofexcessive dieting. Poor interoceptive awareness often manifest inattempts to regulate internal cues externally. Individuals with ED strive to adhere to perfectionistic self-standards. There are a considerable number of studies examining thecomorbidity of ED with personality disorders. The absence or presence ofcomorbidity with a personality disorder seems to be a major determinantof the degree of impairment of psychosocial function. Socio-cultural factors, such as the mass media, contribute to the onset and maintenance of ED. High socio-cultural pressures to achieve the ideal body can facilitate ED. In 1990, DiNicola established the hypothesis that ED are cultureboundsyndromes that exist only in the Western world. In his crossculturalreviews, he also established the acculturation-stress hypothesis or the culture-change syndrome; which meant that if ED started to emerge in non-Western cultures it is probably because of their exposure to Western values and ideals either through immigration or Mass media In Egypt (a representative to Arab culture), in 1977, Okasha et al, stated that two cases of AN were met in their study. In 1986, Nasser, in her comparative study found only bulimic case in the Arab college students in London and found no cases in the Cairo sample; however, she commented that the test scores of the female college students of her Cairo sample were very high reflecting; a culture change that should be krtherly investigated. In 1990, Ford et al, found that the body shape dissatisfaction and the weight concerns (although less than their American peers) were evident in a sample of Egyptian college students in the American University in Cairo. Also, in 1994, A1 Subaie & Abdullah in Saudi Arabia; reported a case bf AN that comes fiom a low social class Bedouin family. The former facts drew the attention to the danger of the probable existence of these disorders in our culture. Finally in 1999, Somaia El-Sayed found in her research to study prevalence and psychodemographic data of ED in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls found 2 cases of atypical AN, 26 cases of atypical BN and 32 cases of EDNOS.