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Abstract
Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the main tools for optimal operation and planning of modern power systems. As power systems get more complicated, needs of optimal power flow development rise. One of these main needs is the power flow flexibility, where the flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices play the main role in it. With the application of FACTS technology, power systems become more flexibly controlled. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the most comprehensive multivariable flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controller. It can provide simultaneous and independent control of power system parameters such as line active power flow, line reactive power flow, line impedances, line voltages, and phase angle.