الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of study is to investigate the effect of lactation on water requirements and metabolism, hematological parameters and physilogical of sheep and goats in relation to seasons, and to follow the changes in these parameters on the animals during early and late stages of lactation. The study is carried out in Alexandria University Experimental Station during the period March 1984 April 1985. The animals used are 48 animals ( including 16 Barki ewes, 16 Rahmani ewes and 16 Baladi goats) at 2-3 years of age and 30 to 55 kg body weight at the begining of the experiment. All animals are individually confined in semi open pens in which feed and water intake can be measured. The pens provided enough shade and ventilation in summer and protection from rain in winter. Feeding and managerial systems used throughout the experiment follow the same routine in the station.