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Abstract
It is well known that obese patients are at increased risk for the development of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and other degenerative diseases. However, the risk varies markedly between individuals.
There is a close link between adipose tissue, and inflammation. First, a strong anatomical relationship exists between adipose and lymphoid tissues. Second, adipose lineage cells display macrophage properties including phagocytic and microbicidal activities. Third, adipose cells secrete inflammatory molecules and lastly; inflammation is enhanced in obesity with raised circulating levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP.
Circulating monocytes exist in a proinflammatory state in obese persons known to be at increased risk of developing obesity related complications. These cells enter the artery and set up atherosclerosis. They activate fat cells to produce more proinflammatory factors. They interfere with insulin signaling, causing insulin resistance. The status of mononuclear cells from one blood sample could serve as an easy early warning sign for the risk of developing insulin resistance and circulatory problems
CD11b expression on the surface of monocytes is an essential step for the attachment of monocytes to endothelial surface and their subsequent migration from the peripheral blood into adipose tissue where they may contribute to the inflammatory response.