الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
When current is drawn from a galvanic cell, an oxidation-reduction reaction process called the cell reaction always takes place, and chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. Oxidation reduction reaction can conveniently be regarded as the sum of two half-reactions, one an oxidation and the other a reduction, the former providing the electrons utilized by the latter. The passage of electrons is necessary for the reaction to occur. Electrons will continue to pass from one electrode to the other until a state of equilibrium has been attained. Bie electrode at which spontaneous oxidation takes place {gaining electrons) is the negative electrode, while re¬duction occurs spontaneously, (consuming electrons), at
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the positive electrode.
Any reversible electrode can undergo either an ;qnrldation or a reduction, that is, it can either supply
remove electrons. The potential or tendency of a given Lcctrode to supply electrons depends on various factors: free energies of the oxidized and reduced states of chemical substances, the temperature, and the pressure. >d, it is often convenient to regard the electron as eheaical element