الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
Caudal vertebraeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Beni-Suef University
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Anatomy & Embryology Department
Name : Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek Abd El-Latief
Birth Date: 1/8/1979
Degree: Master degree
Address: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Beni-Suef University - Egypt
Major Field: Anatomy and Embryology
Title : SOME ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE TAIL OF THE BUFFALO ”BOS BUBALIS L.”
Forty five tails of buffaloes were used in this study as 40 from apparently healthy adult animals and five were affected with tail necrosis. The normal tails were divided into two groups (each of 20) and dissected to reveal their bones, musculatures, arteries, veins and nerves. Seventy five photographs, diagrams and radiographic pictures illustrated the results in the study. The study revealed that the total length of the tail in the buffalo measured 85 to 100cm with an average 93cm. The number of the caudal vertebrae varied between 20-23 segments. Then the caudal vertebrae subjected to different anatomical considerations. the tail musculature are two groups; coccygeal muscles of the vertebral column are five pairs of muscles; M. Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis, M. Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis, M. Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis, M. Sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis and Mm. Intertransversarii caudae and the coccygeal muscles of the pelvis, which consisted of M. Coccygeus only. The arterial supply of the tail comes from the median caudal, superficial caudal, deep caudal, dorsolateral caudal arteries. The tail is drained by five caudal veins; median caudal, two ventrolateral caudal and two lateral caudal veins. Five pairs of caudal nerves, sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of the tail are demonstrated. Some surgical affections of the tail were recorded in the study .