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Abstract
The present study was carried out on fifty five (55 buffaloes ) of 2-8 years old, these animals were divided into two groups :
Group (1) : included 5 buffaloes kept in the farm of the faculty of veterinary medicine, Beni-suef University. The farm has free stall housing in open yards with adequate shelter, nutrion and water supply and were scanned for normal reproductive cycle.
Animals in this group with normal genitalia, ultrasonographic examination of these animals revealed that their ovaries were active carrying either follicles or CL. These follicles characterized by a central anechoic antrum surrounded by a very thin hyperechoic wall. Small, medium and large follicles ranged from 0.4-1.7cm. in diameter. While the CL.Characterized by roughly granular, gray- structured oval area with or without cavity. Small, medium and large CL. With range of 1.2-1.6 cm. in diameter. this group of animals was followed up during cyclical changes, pregnancy diagnosis and determination of fetal age by estimation of certain parameters belonging to each trimester of pregnancy and postpartum period till complete uterine involution and ovarian recyclicity. Early pregnancy diagnosis could be performed by ultrasonography through detection of the diameter of the pregnant horn, embryonic vesicle in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the ovary containing CL. At 16 days post-insemination, the embryo was imaged as around hyperechoic structure in the uterine horn and surrounded by anechoic (black ) fetal fluid in the uterine cavity. At the beginning of organogenesis stage (22-35 days, the age of accurate pregnancy diagnosis in this study), viability of the fetus, heart beats and development of the fetus inside the uterus were followed till the end of gestation.
The same group of animals were scanned during postpartum period till complete involution of the uterus and ovarian recyclicity. Scanning was done
daily during first week postpartum then weekly till complete involution. In this study, the first onset of follicular development at 29.8 + 2.39 days postpartum, onset of first ovulation at 35.4 + 2.01 days postpartum, onset of first estrus at 46.8 + 2.29 days postpartum and duration of uterine involution at 46.6 + 2.29 days postpartum.
Group (2) : included 50 buffaloes of clinical field cases in Beni-Suef governorate and scanned for pathological affections. This group was subdivided into :
Subgroup (1) : included animals with ovarian affections
Subgroup 1.1. animals with smooth inactive ovary with a history of anestrum (10 animals ).
The ultrasonographic image of smooth ovaries appeared as small structure (less than 2 cm. in diameter ), the cortex appeared hyperechoic devoid from any structures and was well demarcated from the hypoechoic medulla.
All animals with smooth ovaries were treated with Sod. Di-basic phosphate + Gn-RH Analogue with ovarian massage.8 animals came in heat and inseminated. Ultrasonographic examination (22-30 days post-insemination) revealed that only 6 buffaloes became pregnant. while at (45-70days post-insemination all treated animals diagnosed pregnant.
Subgroup 1.2. animals with cystic ovarian disease included 3 buffaloes of which 2 buffaloes with follicular cysts and 1 buffalo with luteal cyst.
The ultrasonographic appearance of ovarian cysts was a large anechoic antrum more than 2.5 x 2.0 cm. in diameter, surrounded by either a thin hyperechoic wall less than 3 mm. thickness (follicular cyst ) and anechoic (black )anrtum or a thick hyperechoic wall more than 3 mm thickness (luteal cyst ).
All animals with follicular cysts were treated with Gn-RH analogue followed by PGF2 alpha analogue at day 9 post Gn-RH treatment. all animals came in heat and inseminated . Ultrasonographic examination at 35-45 days post-insemination revealed that all animals became pregnant.
Buffalo with luteal cyst was treated with one injection of PGF2 alpha analogue , the animal came in heat and inseminated. Ultrasonographic examination at 35-45 days post-insemination revealed that the animal became pregnant.