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Abstract
Clinical diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disordered carbohydrate etabolism with hyperglycemia and secondary disturbance of protein and it metabolism due to either an absolute deficiency of insulin as in Lsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or reduction in the biologic ffectiveness of insulin as in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus has profound effects on the neuro-endocrine axis. Tiese neuro-endocrine effects may potentiate the adverse effects of liabetes on other organs and systems.
The adverse effects of diabetes on circulatory, visual, renal and )eripheral nervous systems are commonly recognized and have been extensively studied.
The effects of diabetes mellitus on endocrine glands have not been ;arefiilly documented.
Both clinical and animal research have demonstrated that, diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with altered thyroid, adrenal and gonadal functions.
Some of these changes are reversed with insulin replacement therapy, but endocrine function is not always restored to normal, even with good glycemic control.
The aim of this work was to study the pituitary-thyroid axis in both types 1 (IDDM) and type 2 (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus.