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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability in adults and children, and a significant public health problem.
TBI has been defined by the NHIF in the United States of America as “…an insult to the brain caused by an external force that may produce diminished or altered states of consciousness, which results in impaired cognitive abilities or physical functioning”.
Traumatic brain injuries can be classified as focal or diffuse. Also it can be closed head injury or open head injury. The damage occurring in closed head injury is commonly diffuse, rather than focal. Brain injury is considered to be the result of ‘primary’ trauma (cerebral contusions and diffuse axonal injury,) and/or ‘secondary’ trauma (developing as a consequence of metabolic disturbances or from the original neuronal damage).