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Abstract
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in the regulation of body metabolism by effect on some biochemical blood parameter. This study investigated the effects of thyrotoxicosis on several biochemical blood parameters in white male white albino rats, exposed to high dose of l- thyroxine for thirty days. Moreover, evaluation of the possible changes effects of L- thyroxine on some body organs functions.
The study was conducted with hundred white male rats of ( 6 – 8 ) weeks old and average body weight 100-150 gm . Rats were housed in separate metal cages and kept at constant environmental and nutritional conditions throughout the periods of the experiment.
The rats were randomly divided into Two main group one control and the second experimental group placed in individual cages and classified as follows:
Group I: ( Control group ).
Comprised 30 rats, were fed on normal diet and received no drugs, served as control for all experimental groups.
Group II: ( thyrotoxic group).
Included 70 rats, were fed on normal diet and received of L-thyroxine was given interprotenil daily.
After overnight fasting, blood samples were collected by vein puncture from all animal group ( control and experiment groups ) Two times along the duration of experiment from the onset of thyrotoxicosis induction rats.
blood samples were collected at end of each experimental period and after overnight fasting in dry , clean and dry sterile sample tubes for Serum separation were separated by centrifugation at 3000 r.p.m for 10 minutes. The clean, clear serum was separated and received in dry sterile sample tubes using sterilized pipettes and processed directly for determination of glucose , then kept in a deep freeze at –20oC until used for subsequent biochemical analysis.
All serum samples were analyzed for the following biochemical parameters:
Anti- thyroglobulin -Antibody , Anti – peroxidase -Anti body, Sodium, Potassium, in organic Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium , Uric Acid, Urea, Creatinine , Total Cholesterol (TC) , High-density lipoproteins cholesterol ( HDL-Cholesterol ), Low-density lipoproteins cholesterol ( LDL-Cholesterol ), Triacylglycerols (TG), Fasting blood Sugar, post prandial blood sugar, Alanine - amino Transferase (ALT), Aspartate - amino Transferase ( AST ) , Alkaline Phosphatase, Albumin , Lactate dehydrogenast (LDH ), Creatinine kinase ( CK-Mb ), Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK ).
The obtained results summarized the followings:-
1- Immunity Investigations:
a- Thyroglobulin – Antibody ( A-TG ).
the concentration value of Serum Thyroglobulin antibody was significant increased in the third ,fourth week , where as it was non-significant increased in first, second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
b-Thyroid peroxidase - antibody (A-TPO).
Serum Thyroid Peroxidase antibody (A-TPO)in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group concentration value was increased significant in the third week , which became high significant) in the fourth week , where as it was increased non-significant in first, second week, when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
2 – Mineral Investigations:
a- Sodium.
Serum Sodium in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group concentration value was increased high significant in the third week , which became very high significant) in the fourth week , where as it was increased significant in first, second week, when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
b- Potassium
the experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group serum Potassium concentration value was high significant decreased in the third week , which became very high significant in the fourth week , where as it was significant decreased in second week, and non significant decreased in the first week , than that the value recorded in the control group.
d- Calcium.
the concentration value of serum calcium in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group was increased significant in the third, fourth week , where as it was increased non-significant in first, second week, when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
e- Phosphorus.
The experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group serum Inorganic Phosphrous concentration value was significant decreased in the third week , which became high significant in the fourth week , where as it was decreased non-significant in first, second week, than that the value recorded in the control group.
f- Magnesium.
Serum magnesium concentration value was decreased high significant ( p < 0.01 ) in the third week , which became very high significant in the fourth week, where as it was decreased significant in second week, and decreased non significant in the first week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
3 – Renal Investigations :
a - Uric acid.
The concentration value of serum uric acid in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group was increased significant in the third, fourth week , where as it was increased non- significant in first, second week, when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
b- Blood Urea .
the experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group Blood urea concentration value was significant increased in the third, fourth week, where as it was increased non significant in the first, second week , than that the value recorded in the control group.
c- Creatinine.
the concentration value of serum creatinine was decreased non-significant in the third, fourth week, where as it was non- significant in first ,second week, in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group than that of the control group.
4- Lipid Functions:
a- Cholesterol.
Serum cholesterol concentration value was significant decreased in the third , fourth week, where as it was non- significant decreased in the first ,second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
b- HDL- Cholesterol.
The Concentration value serum HDL-cholesterol was significant decreased in the second, third week which became high significant decreased in the fourth week, where as it was non- significant decreased in the first week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
c- LDL- Cholesterol.
The serum LDL-cholesterol Concentration value was very high significant increased in the third, fourth week , where as it was significant increased in the first , second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group than that the value recorded in the control group.
d- Triglycerides.
The experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group serum triglycerides concentration value was significant decreased in third week which became high significant decreased in the fourth week, where as it was non- significant decreased in the first ,second week than that the value recorded in the control group.
4- Sugar Level Investigations :
a- Fasting blood sugar ( FBS )
the experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group serum Fasting Blood sugar level concentration value was significant decreased in fourth week , where as it was non- significant decreased in the first ,second , third week than that the value recorded in the control group.
b- Post prandial blood sugar ( PPBS ).
The Concentration value serum post prandial blood sugar level was significant increased in the fourth week ,where as it was non- significant increased in the first, second ,third week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
5-Liver Investigations:
a- Alanine – amino transferase (ALT ).
The serum alanine – amino transferase Concentration value was significant increased in the third, fourth week , where as it was non -significant increased in the first , second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group than that the value recorded in the control group.
b- Asparatate – amino transferase (AST).
the experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group serum Asparatate – amino transferase concentration value was significant increased in the third ,fourth week, where as it was non- significant increased in the first ,second week than that the value recorded in the control group.
C- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK Ph ).
the Concentration value serum Alkaline phosphatase was significant increased in the third which became high significant increased in the fourth week ,where as it was non-significant increased in the first ,second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
d- Albumin The serum albumin concentration value was significant decreased in the third, fourth week , where as it was non -significant decreased in the first , second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group than that the value recorded in the control group.
7- Cardiac Investigations:
a- Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ).
The experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group serum Lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH )concentration value was high significant increased in the second ,third week, which became very high significant increased in the Fourth week, where as it was significant increased in the first week than that the value recorded in the control group.
b- Creatinine Kinase ( CK – MB ).
The Concentration value serum Creatinine Kinase was significant increased in the third, fourth week ,where as it was non – significant in the first, second week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group when compared with the value recorded in the control group.
c - Creatinine PhosphoKinase ( CPK ).
the serum Creatinine phosphokinase Concentration value was significant increased in the second week which became high significant increased in the third, fourth week , where as it was non -significant increased in the first week in experimental thyrotoxicosis induced group than that the value recorded in the control group.
According to the results of the present work , it can be concluded that thyrotoxicosis have larger effect on boy organ chemistry , minerals and immunology.