الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 41 |  |  |
| | | from | 41 | | |
Abstract
Surface active agents are used for a number of stabilization problems and have found many technical applications include softeners, cosmetic products, electro-dip coatings, and the stabilization of adhesive polymer latexes as well as in mining and paper manufacturing [143]. It was planned to prepare a number of different class of surfactants having amido group, to screen their toxicity towards microorganisms and to study the variation of the degree of toxicity with the nature and chemical structure of the prepared surfactants.
PART (1)
Preparation of Surface active agents from long chain fatty acids
Our interest were extended to prepare the surface active agents from low cost long chain fatty acids [lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid] (1a-e) by the reaction of its acid chloride (2a-e) with different amines [mono ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine, tetra ethylene penta amine] to produce a novel groups of compounds (3a-e to 6a-e) having surface active properties. The surface active agents containing in their molecule amido group are used in the toilet personal care type application [212].
The surface-active properties of the prepared products were compared and evaluated, including solubility, surface and interfacial tension, foaming, emulsification, also biodegradability properties and antimicrobial activities were examined. Most of the products are good biodegradable surfactants, which manifested the importance of their application in pollution-problems.
PART (2)
Nonionic surfactants
Compounds acting as nonionic surface active agents two requirements are needed first one, the hydrogen containing group present should be active enough to react with alkylene oxide and second is the molecular weight should be suitable to become an amphiphilic molecule with the suitable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance [219].
Nonionic surfactants can be synthesized by the hydroxyalkylation [with propylene oxide (PO) or ethylene oxide (EO)] of the compounds which containing active hydrogen in the presence of base catalyst. The addition of propylene oxide unit to the hydrophobic part has advantage effect, enhanced the hydrophobic moiety of surfactant or modifying their surface active properties [24].
Nonionic surfactants refers chiefly to polyoxypropylene derivatives they are usually prepared by the addition of different moles (m) of propylene oxide (m 5, 7 and 9) in presence of KOH as catalyst to products (3a-e to 6a-e) which containing one or more active hydrogen atoms to yield polypropenoxylation products (7a-e to 18a-e). This addition reaction is one of the principal processes used to introduce hydrophilic functional groups into a hydrophobic moiety.
The surface-active properties, biodegradability and antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated. The obtained results show that, the products of the new surfactants have a pronounced surface activities and biodegradable properties.