الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic medical conditions that frequently coexist, and contributing a powerful risk factors for cardiovascular, renal and atherosclerotic diseases. Obesity may be a precipitating factor for both. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are considered as characteristic features for obesity, hypertension and NIDDM. Changes in calcium and magnesium blood levels are considered as contributing factors in the pathogenesis of these situations, and may help to explain their frequent clinical coexistence. The reported elevated plasma insulin levels in obese patients with type II diabetes suggests the presence of some form of insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity. The insulin resistance in type II NIDDM is associated with decreased number of insulin receptors. The bulk of the resistance is post-receptor in type and in any event, insulin receptor and post-receptor changes may be responsible for the deterioration of glucose tolerance. The aim of this work is to study the hormonal and electrolyte abnormalities in obese diabetics with and without essential hypertension.