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Abstract
Eclampsia was not differentiated from epilepsy until 1739, when de Sauvages wrote that epilepsy was chronic, with recurrences of convulsions through the years; all convulsions of acute causation he called ”eclampsia”. Twenty years later he defined several species of the genus Eclampsia, in relation to various acute that Hippocrates had described, such as severe hemorrhage, severe pain, vernacular infestation. De Sauvages added Eclampsia parturient., which he said had been described by Mauriceau.(i)
The ancient Greeks recognized preeclampsia: ”In pregnancy, the onset of drowsy headaches with heaviness is bad; such cases are perhaps liable to some sort of fits at the same time”.(”
The literature of eclampsia really begins with the advent of the male midwife, when physicians in France invaded the field of obstetrics in the seventeenth century.(’)
Demand, in 1797, wrote that all six of his eclamptic patients had Anasarca and suggested that edema be added to the three recognized causes of convulsions: depletion, repletion, and the pains of labor 0’t
In 1840, Rayer observed proteinuria in three edematous pregnant women. The discovery of proteinuria in eclampsia was made independently by Lever and Simpson in 1843.(I)