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Abstract
SUMMARY
The present study was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Farms of El-Nubaria and El-Sabahia Research Stations, Alexandria Governorate, during the subsequent growing seasons from 2005 up to 2008. In this work the main fragile insect and animal-pests attacking cantaloupe plants were surveyed and identified before the performance of insecticides application. For that purpose, six chemical compounds belonging to different groups were evaluated to be involved in an IPM programe for managing and controlling the main pests of cantaloupe plants, i.e., Aphids spp. [Aphis gossypii (Glov.) and Aphis craccivora (Koch.)] (Homoptera : Aphididae), whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)] (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) leaf miners [Lyriomyza spp.] (Diptera : Agromyzidae); and both species of the red spider mites [Tetranychus urticae and T. cinabarinus] (Acarina : Tetranychidae) that severely attack cantaloupe plants. The evaluated chemical compounds were thiamethoxam (Actara)® and pymetrozine (Chess®), while the natural products were azadirachtin (Achook®), soyabean oil (Natural oil®, abamectin (Vertemic® and milbemectin (Milbeknock®). Moreover, five tested natural fine dusts of the leaves of Kamphor (Eucalyptus globules), Lemon (Citrus auranlifolia), Orange (Citrus sinensis), Barnoof grass (Conyza discoridis) and Lantana (Lantana camara) compared with talc powder were evaluated against the abovementioned pests. Also, both of the natural compounds azadirachtin and soyabean oil and the fine dusts of Kamphor and Barnoof were tested consequent treatments against these pests attacking the cantaloupe plants.
5.1. Efficiency of tested and/or phytocompounds against the occurring pests on cantaloupe plants under low tunnels in 2005 and 2006 seasons.
5.1.1. Effect on inspected aphids [Aphis gossypii (Glov.) and Aphis
craccivora (Koch.).
5.1.1.1. Season 2005
1st application
thiamethoxam (Actara®) was proved to be the highly efficient tested chemicals against aphids population and gave high an average rate of reduction comprised 78.29% after 30 days post-application of 1st spray during the summer season of 2005, followed by soyabean oil (Natural oil®) (63.74%).
2nd application
Similar trend of results was also detected after the 2nd spray of the same chemicals. The superiority of thiamethoxam (Actara®) was also proved and resembled by a general mean of reduction which comprised 81.38% followed by soyabean oil (Natural oil®) (76.00%), pymetrozine (69.37%) and the least efficient one was azadirachtin (53.45%) when they were evaluated 10 days post-treatment.
5.1.1.2. Season 2006