الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
there is lack of native urologic tissue for surgical reconstruction of the urinary tract .some pathologies affect the urinary blader and lead to loss of its capacity and finally augmentation of the bladder is neede to protecat the upper tract augmentation cystoplasty with intestinal pathch is commonly used to enlarge the bladder however it carries many side effects minaly stone formation this may lead to lead to end