الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
over the past decades the scientific literature addressing issues relevant to inpatient hyperglycemia and its management has grown dramatically but remains incomplete hyperglycemia that is observed upon or during hospitalization does not necessairly indicate the presence of diabetes. acute stress or injury such as myocardial infarction stroke trauma, or surgery may cause elevations in counter-regulatory hormones (i.e. glucagon, catecholamines glucocorticoids, and growth hormone)cytokines and other inflammatory mediators which lead to enhanced hepatic glucose production lipolysis proteolysis and accelerated muscle catabolism .