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Abstract
Sheep are considered of great economic and nutritional importance for humans, especially in developing countries, including Egypt; they do not participate human nutrition where you get on a diet of herbal materials and fibers that can not be eaten by human and converts it to Ghali protein pricey high vital value balanced in terms of energy mineral salts, vitamins and essential amino acids. It can overcome the gap between the production and consumption of meat by improving and raising the productivity of farm animals such as sheep. Sheep are considered as a direct source of cash income for small private breeders when needed. However, these animals did not receive enough attention from researchers in the past.This research aims to study the genetic diversity of some breeds of sheep in Egypt on three levels: First: the level of Alcetologih studies (study of body chromosomal Karyotyping)Second: the protein level (individualization on many electric generation acryl amides SDS-PAGE)Third: at the level of the genomic DNA (the DNA analysis system of RAPD-PCR).Has been subjected to study in this research eight sheep that live in Egypt, including four pure breeds are Aosemy and Rahmani and finely strains (local Egyptian) and Romanov (Russian acclimatized in Egypt) and four hybrids between the Egyptian and European sheep are: CB1 hybrid (½ Rahmani x ½ Finnish ), a hybrid CB2 (½ x ½ Rahmani Romanov), a hybrid CB3 (¼ x ¾ Rahmani Romanov (, hybrid CB4 (¾ Rahmani x ¼ Romanov).I took blood samples from the cervical vein using sterile syringes containing heparin as a contraceptive clot. It was a direct farm work for blood samples OBTAINED THROUGH ewes three local strains (Aosemy and Rahmani finely) as a prelude to prepare microscopic slides to study the body aberrations, while he held centrifuges of samples taken from seven strains (Rahmani finely and Romanov and four camel) to separate the two layers of plasma and blood cells and the plasma is stored on -20º m until the individualization of protein electrophoresis and storage of blood cells to -80º m until the DNA extraction and analysis system RAPD-PCR.Can be summarized results obtained from this study are as follows: First, the study Alcetologih:The study confirmed that the total number of chromosomes XX) 54) = 2n chromosome, represented in 27 matching pairs can be distinguished on the basis of site centromere into two types of chromosomes; I: medial centromere Metacentric includes three pairs (No. 1, 2 and 3), and the second: the centromere is close to the party Acrocentric includes 24 pairs of chromosomes (from No. 4 to 27), a pair of them knows the sex chromosome (XX) which is the largest in size (No. 27). The study also confirmed the absence of differences between the chromosomal body for each of the local Egyptian dynasties (Aosemy and Rahmani finely). This is not to diminish the importance of this type of study as it is of great importance especially in the detection and diagnosis of chromosomal changes either numerical or structural. Second: Genetic variation at the level of protein:Protein packs Protein bands resulting from the individualization of electrical plasma proteins extracted from the seven breeds of sheep under study were discussed on the basis of divided into four models:Monomorphic bands: namely that appear in all samples Polymorphic bands: namely that appear in some of the samples and absent in others.Positive specific band: appear in a single sample, while absent in the rest of the samples.Negative specific band: the absence of a single sample, while showing the rest of the samples. Each of the first and second models to distinguish between strains is fit, while the third and fourth are considered Biochemical markers Biochemical markers characteristic of the strains.On this basis can be obtained in many other images genetic variation among the seven genotypes, and can summarize the results of individualization of protein electrophoresis system SDS-PAGE as follows:The total number of packs protein, 96 per strain produced about 13-16 package.It found among the total number of packs protein 15 Positive specific band and one package Negative specific band serve to distinguish the strain that emerged out from the rest of the seven strains under study.Barki breed characterized by the existence of two packages one and the absence of specialized packages characterized by each of Rahmani strain and hybrid 4 with three markers each.Characterized by each of the Romanov dynasty and one hybrid and a hybrid 3 and the presence of a genetic marker and a specialized one for each of them.Hybrid 2 characterize the presence of four markers and genetic specialist Based on the degree of symmetry genetic Homogeneity; distributed breeds of sheep seven studied four groups: the first group includes a hybrid 2, the second group comprises the Romanovs and hybrid 1 and hybrid 3 and the third group include hybrid 4 and the fourth group includes strains Rahmani and Barki A higher degree of genetic divergence between groups (0.662) was between the first group and the third and also between the third and fourth group, which refers to the existence of genetic differences among them. While the lowest value appeared to genetic divergence (0.576) between the second and third sets, which indicates the presence of nearly a genetic relationship between the relatively high strains that comprise these two groups Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.000 to 0.630. And it found a higher coefficient of uniformity (0.630) between Romanov and hybrid 3 which indicates that these strains are more genotypes uniform. Also it found that less genetic similarity coefficient values were between both Barki breed hybrid 2 on one hand and the rest of the strains on the other hand Genetic divergence values ranged from 9.00 to 35.0, and found that the higher the value of the spacing between genetic strains (35.0) were among the Barki breed hybrid 1, the lowest values (9.00) found between 3 and hybrid Rahmani dynasty.Thirdly genetic variation at the level of DNA molecular:The RAPD markers in pure breeds:It succeeded two prefixes Primers (A10, A17) in integration with the DNA fragments extracted from three sheep breeds pure (Rahmani and Romanov and finely) can summarize the results of the DNA analysis system of RAPD-PCR as follows:Can be obtained in eight packages as a result of interaction with each of the initiators of the DNA extracted from the three breeds.Ranging number of packets resulting from 1 to 2 for each strain, and ranged molecular weight of the DNA fragments produced between 676 and 425.It can be considered as the initiator A10 starting with a distinctive Romanov dynasty, but not as well as other strains, while the A17 can be used as the initiator initiator characteristic for each of the three strains.It can distinguish Rahmani strain in the absence of the package No. 2 with molecular weight 578 with the initiator A17 which appeared in the rest of the strains, either Romanov dynasty was marked by the presence of two packages specialized, the first package No. 1 with a molecular weight of 628 with the initiator A10 and the second No. 1 with a molecular weight 676 with the initiator A17, while characterized by the presence of Barki breed distinctive package No. 3 and the molecular weight of 455 with the initiator A17.