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Abstract
This study is highly important in order to evaluate the quality of the effluent water of El-Tal El-Keber wastewater treatment plant, Egypt by using some Chironomidae specie as bioindicator, the subject of present study. El-Tal El-Keber wastewater treatment plant one of the Egyptian treatment plants. It was built on five feddans with length of about 150 Km and it is located in the eastern south of El-Tal El-Keber city to serve 40.000 people and with capacity of 20.000 meter daily.
This study aims to identify some Chironomidae species and to asses the quality of the water in relation to physico-chemical condition in El-Tal El-Keber wastewater treatment plant.
To address the goal of this study, Chironomidae samples, water and sludge were collected from two lagoons (input and output lagoons) during September 2003 to August 2004.
Taxonomic key to the collect chironomids subfamilies, genera and species; description of each species based on rearing collected larvae to the adult stage were constructed after conducting this study as well as diagnosis with pictured keys, coloured photographs, and drawings were given to the adult and immature stages of the collected aquatic chironomids that collected from El-Tal El-Keber wastewater treatment plant.
Surveying at both input and output lagoons revealed the existence of six species belonging to two genera from subfamily Chironominae. Five species related to genus Chironomus Meigen, they were Chironomus calipterus Kieffer, Chironomus formosipennis Kieffer, Chironomus caffrarius Kieffer, Chironomus seydeli Goetghebuer, Chironomus imicola Kieffer and Kiefferulus brevibucca Kieffer that related to genus Kiefferulus Kieffer.
At inlet lagoon, Chironomus calipterus Kieffer was the dominant species 28.8%, followed by Chironomus formosipennis Kieffer, Chironomus caffrarius Kieffer, Chironomus imicola Kieffer and Chironomus seydeli Goetghebuer which formed 18.9%, 17.0%, 15.5%, and 12.8%, respectively while Kiefferulus brevibucca Kieffer 7.2% was the less abundant species. While At output lagoon, Chironomus calipterus Kieffer was the dominant species 36.2%, followed by Chironomus formosipennis Kieffer 18.8%, then Chironomus caffrarius Kieffer 14.1% and Chironomus imicola Kieffer 13.07%. The least abundant species were Chironomus seydeli Goetghebuer 10.7% and Kiefferulus brevibucca Kieffer 7.04%.
Water samples were picked up from input and output lagoons and analyzed monthly during the investigation period to determine the most important physical and chemical properties of the water (as temperature, pH, oxygen contents, suspended solids, oil and grease, sulfide and nutrients like ammonia and nitrates).
There was significant difference of physico-chemical characters between input and output water. The system displayed a good efficiency in decreasing the values of oil and grease, sulfide, nutrients and suspended solids at output water.
Chironomus calipterus Kieffer species was chosen as bioindicator to determine heavy metals in El-Tal El-Keber wastewater treatment plant. Accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of Chironomus calipterus Kieffer differed by different seasons for the same lagoon. The accumulations of heavy metals in the larval tissues collected from both input and output lagoons during all seasons were arranged descending as following: Zn > Fe > Mn > Pb, respectively. However, Pb was detected only during winter and summer; also, Fe recorded the highest values during autumn. Mn concentrations in the larval tissues were increased significantly (P < 0.05) from water during the four seasons. Also, most of the larval tissue samples were collected from input lagoon had significantly higher contents of heavy metals than that collected from output lagoon during the whole time of study.
Biota sediment accumulation factor (BASAF) indicated a marked variation across metals and confirmed sediment-larval relationship.