الفهرس 
Cancer BladderOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was carried on 35 patients (32males, and 3females) with
histologically confirmed bladder carcinoma (10 patients with superficial
stage of bladder carcinoma & 25 patients with invasive stage of bladder
carcinoma). In addition, 7 apparently healthy subjects with age & sex
matched as a control group. All patients were selected from urology
department; Benha University Hospital.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of serum
interleukin-18 and nitric oxide activity in bladder carcinoma patients and
to evaluate the relation of them with different stages and grades of the
disease.
All patients and controls were subjected to full history taking and
clinical examinations.
Blood samples from patients and controls were subjected to the
following laboratory investigations:
1. Complete urine analysis.
2. Serum urea, creatinine and uric acid.
3. Serum interleukin-18 using ELISA technique. Serum nitrite +
nitrate level as an index for nitric oxide generation using ELISA
technique also.
Male predominance was observed in the present study among
patient groups (32males & 3females) 91.4% are males and 8.6% are
females.
Summary and Conclusion
125
As regard the clinical findings, urinary irritability (frequency,
urgency and dysuria) was found in 57.1% of all patients. Hematuria was
found in all patients of bladder cancer (100% of patients). There were no
significant differences among bladder cancer patients and control subjects
in term of past history of billhareziasis.
According to the microscopic picture of the tumor, transitional cell
carcinoma (TCC); 88.6%, was predominant than squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC); 11.4%.
There was highly significant increase in serum IL-18 levels among
bladder cancer patients when compared to control subjects (IL-18: 862.97
± 286.53pg/mL versus 123.34 ± 36.17pg/mL, p<0.001).
Serum IL-18 levels were found to be higher in patients with grade I
(1279.86±170.0pg/ml) tumors when compared with grade II
(944.0±195.79 pg/ml) and grade III (661.86±194.98 pg/ml) tumors, and
this is statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
Serum IL-18 levels were found to be higher in patients with
superficial stage (1198.96±181.75 pg/ml) when compared with invasive
stage (728.58±195.12 pg/ml) of tumor carcinoma patients and control
subjects (123.34 ± 36.17 pg/ml), and this is statistically highly significant
(p<0.001).
In this study, There was no significant differences in serum
nitrite+nitrate levels between bladder cancer patients (45.09 ± 20.95
μmol/L) and control subjects (37.80 ± 12.11 μmol/L) (p>0.05).
Serum Nitrite + Nitrate levels were no different in bladder cancer
patients with different tumor stages and grades (p>0.05).
Summary and Conclusion
126
In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that bladder
cancer patients had significantly higher serum IL-18 levels compared
with healthy controls. Patients with more invasive and higher grades
tumors showed lower serum IL-18 levels than other patients. This may be
related to the decreased immunological responses of these patients.
Serum NO activity was not found to be different between bladder cancer
patients and healthy controls. Serum IL-18 may reflect the status of the
host defense mechanisms against tumor growth in bladder cancer.