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Abstract
Six in vitro experiments were carried out during the period
1997-2000 with the two garlic cultivars Balady and Chinese.
Results of these experiments could be summerized as follow:
1- Exp.l was conducted to study the effect of medium type
(MS, BDS and B5) on the in vitro growth of garlic. Results
showed that using MS medium generally outperformed the
other media in increasing number of leaves and leaf length as
well as number of roots and root length from the cultured
garlic explants of both cultivars. The in vitro growth of
Balady explants was significantly better than that of Chinese
cv.
2- Exp. 2 was performed to study the effect of explant source on
the in vitro growth of garlic. Results obtained revealed that
using stem disc explants was superior over shoot tips in terms
of number of leaves, leaf length, number of roots and root
length. Results also showed that rooting only occurred from
stem disc explants but not from shoot tips.
3- Exp. 3 was carried out to study the effect of explant storage at
several temperatures (5,10, 20°C and at room temperature)
for one month on subsequent in vitro growth. Cold storage of
mother cloves at 5°C significantly increased number of
leaves, leaf length, number of roots and root length of the
stem disc explants for both cultivars as compared to explant
stored at the other temperatures.
4- Exp. 4. In this study, the effect of sucrose concentration in
the tissue culture medium was tested on the in vitro growth
and multishoot formation. Sucrose at 60 g/l significantly
increased number, of leaves and leaf length. Sucrose at 60 or
90 g/l increased root and length, while at 120 g/l, sucrose had
negative effect on rooting. The number of shoot clumps
produced’ and their dry weights were higher with 60-90 gjl
sucrose compared to 30 or 120 g/l sucrose. The responses of
both cultivars to sucrose concentration were the same for
most growth parameters.
5- Exp. 5 was performed to examine the influence of slicing the
stem disc explant on the in vitro growth, multishoot
formation and bulblet production in comparison with the
intact stem disc explants. Results clearly demonstrated the
positive effect of slicing the stem disc explant. This treatment
significantly increased the total leaves number and leaf
length, root numbers and length as well as number of shoot
clumps produced. When the shoot clumps were cultured in
MS medium amended with 120 g/l sucrose, bulblet were
formed abundantly within one month. The Balady cv
produced more bulblets but the average bulblet weight and
diameter were larger in Chinese than Balady cv.
6- The sixth experiment was conducted to study the effect of the
duration of cold storage of mother cloves for 2,3 and 4
months at 4°C on subsequent in vitro growth and bulblet
formation. The obtained results demonstrated that cold
storage of garlic cloves for 2 or 3 months had no effect on
leaves number and length as compared with the storage at
room temperature.