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Abstract Summary and Conclusion In 1997 a new single stranded DNA virus transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) has been isolated. The association of TTY virus with both cryptogenic chronic liver diseases and posttransfusion hepatitis has been reported (Nishlzawa et al., 1997). As for acute and chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology, the prevalence of TTV was found to be higher than in healthy controls, suggesting an etiological role of this agent in the development of both acute and chronic hepatitis (Okamoto et al., 1998). High prevalence of TTV infections has been reported in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD), who are at an increased risk of parenteral transmitted hepatitis virus infection. However, the transmission route of the virus is unknown. There is also little information about the occupational risk of TTY infection in HD unit workers (Gallian et al., 2000). The clinical significance related to the presence of TTY in HD population remains unclear; it is possible that TTY may aggravate liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection. The possibility that TTV causes pathological changes outside the liver cannot be ruled out (Valtuille et al., 2002). The preliminary data suggested that TTY is transmitted mainly via a parenteral route ( Irshad et al; 2006). The aim of our study was to detect TTV -DNA and its genotypes in a group of haemodialysis patient and to evaluate its clinical impact, taking into account co-infection with hepatitis B&C viruses. The study was conducted on thirty patients with end-stage renal disease. They were routinely attending the haemodialysis unit of Benha University Hospital for performing Haemodialysis; and a control group, which included 30 healthy, volunteers. Both cases and controls were subjected to the following laboratory investigations. 1- Chemical investigations including. • ALT. • Serum creatinine. 2- Virological investigations including. • HBVsAg. • HCV Ab. 3- TTY-DNA detection by PCR. 4- Detection ofTTV genotypes by restriction enzymes. This work revealed that TTY is prevalent in HD patients. The prevalence of TTY infection in lID Egyptian patients was 43.3% and 36.7% in healthy volunteer from the same geographical area. No significant correlation between TTY infection and age, sex or duration of lID treatment was observed. Abnormal liver enzymes were common in lID patients infected with TTV while serum creatinine levels showed no correlation with TTY infection. TTY infection was not found to be more prevalent in HD patients infected with HCV, but it may aggrevate liver diseases. G1 was found to be the most common genotype among both haemodialysis patient group and healthy volunteers. Conclusion • A new hepatitis- associated DNA virus, provisionally designated as Transfusion Transmitted Virus (TTY) has been identified. It has been reported to be common worldwide. • TTY is prevalent in HD patients. The prevalence of TTV infection in HD Egyptian patients was 43.3% and 36.7% III healthy volunteer from the same geographical area. No significant correlation between TTY infection and age, sex, duration of HD treatment serum creatinine level or HCV infection. • Abnormal liver enzymes were common III HD patients infected with TTV. • GI was found to be the most common genotype among both haemodialysis patient group and healthy volunteers. • Molecular systems capable of efficient detection and quantitation of the full spectrum of existing TTY strains and serological IgG and IgM tests that permit the distinction between recent and remote infections should be developed and standardized. • The possible long-term effects of chronic TTV carriage should be studied. |