الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
In 1997 a new single stranded DNA virus transfusion
transmitted virus (TTV) has been isolated. The association of TTY
virus with both cryptogenic chronic liver diseases and posttransfusion
hepatitis has been reported (Nishlzawa et al., 1997).
As for acute and chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology, the
prevalence of TTV was found to be higher than in healthy controls,
suggesting an etiological role of this agent in the development of
both acute and chronic hepatitis (Okamoto et al., 1998).
High prevalence of TTV infections has been reported in
patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD), who are at an
increased risk of parenteral transmitted hepatitis virus infection.
However, the transmission route of the virus is unknown. There is
also little information about the occupational risk of TTY infection
in HD unit workers (Gallian et al., 2000).
The clinical significance related to the presence of TTY in HD
population remains unclear; it is possible that TTY may aggravate
liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus infection. The possibility
that TTV causes pathological changes outside the liver cannot be
ruled out (Valtuille et al., 2002).
The preliminary data suggested that TTY is transmitted mainly
via a parenteral route ( Irshad et al; 2006).
The aim of our study was to detect TTV -DNA and its
genotypes in a group of haemodialysis patient and to evaluate its
clinical impact, taking into account co-infection with hepatitis B&C
viruses.
The study was conducted on thirty patients with end-stage
renal disease. They were routinely attending the haemodialysis unit
of Benha University Hospital for performing Haemodialysis; and a
control group, which included 30 healthy, volunteers.
Both cases and controls were subjected to the following
laboratory investigations.
1- Chemical investigations including.
• ALT.
• Serum creatinine.
2- Virological investigations including.
• HBVsAg.
• HCV Ab.
3- TTY-DNA detection by PCR.
4- Detection ofTTV genotypes by restriction enzymes.
This work revealed that TTY is prevalent in HD patients. The
prevalence of TTY infection in lID Egyptian patients was 43.3% and
36.7% in healthy volunteer from the same geographical area. No
significant correlation between TTY infection and age, sex or
duration of lID treatment was observed.
Abnormal liver enzymes were common in lID patients
infected with TTV while serum creatinine levels showed no
correlation with TTY infection.
TTY infection was not found to be more prevalent in HD
patients infected with HCV, but it may aggrevate liver diseases.
G1 was found to be the most common genotype among both
haemodialysis patient group and healthy volunteers.
Conclusion
• A new hepatitis- associated DNA virus, provisionally
designated as Transfusion Transmitted Virus (TTY) has been
identified. It has been reported to be common worldwide.
• TTY is prevalent in HD patients. The prevalence of TTV
infection in HD Egyptian patients was 43.3% and 36.7% III
healthy volunteer from the same geographical area. No
significant correlation between TTY infection and age, sex,
duration of HD treatment serum creatinine level or HCV
infection.
• Abnormal liver enzymes were common III HD patients
infected with TTV.
• GI was found to be the most common genotype among both
haemodialysis patient group and healthy volunteers.
• Molecular systems capable of efficient detection and
quantitation of the full spectrum of existing TTY strains and
serological IgG and IgM tests that permit the distinction
between recent and remote infections should be developed and
standardized.
• The possible long-term effects of chronic TTV carriage should
be studied.