الفهرس 
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Abstract
Although soil-lining interaction is highly dependent on the
employed tunnelling technology, most of the available design methods
of tunnel linings fail to take into consideration such important
factor. During tunnel excavation, the in-situ stresses are
significantly altered depending on the tunnelling technique as well
as the configuration of tunnel and the characteristics of the soil
deposits. These reduced stresses are the starting point of the
soil-lining interaction with lining activation.
This thesis presents a method of lining design considering the
details of the excavation procedure and lining installation.
Interaction between the tunnel lining and the ground is analysed in
two stages namely; excavation and interaction. The excavation stage
is responsible for determining the pre-lining soil deformations and
the reduced in-situ stresses. The interaction stage models the
soil-lining system together. Soil continuum, tunnel lining, and the
interface between them are idealized in the whole system using
nonlinear finite element techniques. The deformations of the
soil-lining system, as well as the lining internal forces, and
equilibrium soil pressures are determined.
Furthermore, results of the proposed analytical method as well
as commonly used procedures are compared with field measurements
compiled during the construction of several tunnel projects. These
projects represent differet tunnelling techno10~ies, different
lining systems, different tunnel configurations, and different soil
deposits. The results indicate the large deviation between the
common used lining design procedures and the actual lining
behaviour.