الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 92 |  |  |
| | | from | 92 | | |
Abstract
In terms of volume, the spare capacity for oil production has decreased from 3 million barrels a day (mbd) in December 2002 to just 1.7 mbd (million barrel day) in December 2004. This is a result of the low investments in oil exploration in the 1990s which, in turn, was due to the low real prices of oil during that period. Investors have been fearful of repeating the mistakes of over investments in the 1 970s, and are further discouraged by the current volatility in prices. Likewise, contributing to the decrease in spare capacity is the lack of investments in oil refineries and the mismatch between the type of crude that these refineries can process and the type of crude that is actually being produced. Investments in refineries have also become more expensive because of stricter environment laws being imposed.
The need for renewable and/or green energy sources :0 replace fossil fuel with the incrementally rising prices is driving many researchers to work on narrowing the gap between more scientific innovative clean energy technologies and the concepts of feasibility and cost-effective solutions. Early expectati”ns of very low emissions and relatively high efficiencies have been met in power plants using combined heat and power plants (CHP).CHP leads to a lot advantages, it includes reducing of fuel consumption in addition to exhaust reduction.
So, in this thesis the possibilities of using energy conservation and management in the marine field in order to reach to the optimum use of the fossil fuel in diesel engines ,this principle have been applied in container ships as a case study of using exhaust gas emissions in a combined cycle power plant.
The thesis consist of six chapters. chapter one includes introduction ,energy ptoduction ,and expected gobal energy consumption until 2050. Chapter two includes the different types of marine power plants.!t includes the basic principle and operating cycle for each power plant. Chapter three includes combined power plants and the advantages of using this system.!t includes different examples for combined power plants. Chapter four includes the different types of fuels in the different types of power plants in addition to the properties of each fuel. Chapter five includes energy conservation and management for marine power plants and how to make use of the exhaust gases lost from the engine. Chapter six includes a case study from container ships (Melbourne).!t includes also the heat balance and combined heat and power system calculation using engineerin& equation solver program (EES).
The current thesis is a good start to make the best use of the fossil fuel in marine field through reducing fuel consumption and reducing exhaust gas emissions by applying energy conservation concept in marine field. Reducing emissions will lead to better environment, and make the ships following the class rules. Finally,combined heat and power plant is one of methods used to improve engines performances and abetter environment which reduce emissions by 4.5 %. With the increasing fuel prices and the changeable world ,we have to make the best use of the current resources.