الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This thesis is devoted to investigate the different.surveying systems using EDM techniques, it also presents a brief study of sources of errors arising in EDM and the possibility of utilizing the EDM techniques for urban networks. A comparative study on the different surveying systems is performed. The aim of this study is also to provide the objective means for using EDM techniques in urban networks with a considerable accuracy. On the other hand, it still. would be possible to make more improvements in the field of EDM techniques for urban networks.