الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
General Introduction(l) :
Most of the immediate surrounding are combustible clothes, furnishings, and much of the construction material in dwelling and work plaGes; the interiors of cars, buses, airplanes, etc., wood, paper, textiles, and synthetic polymers, all burn under the right conditions, many burn vigorously and ignite readily. Humans have always been plagued by unwanted fire. So it is not surprising that they have sought ways to reduce the combustibility of their surroundings. Early chemists tried a variety of concoctions to reduce the flammability of most things especially cellulosic materials were recognized as early as the 14th century B.C., when Aeneas is said to have recommended treatment of wood with vinegar to impart fire resistance.The annals of Claudius recorded that wooden storming towers used in the siege of Piraeus in 83 B.C. were treated with a solution of alum to protect them against fire.
The technique of imparting flame resistance to textile fabrics is relatively new. Among the earlist references is an article by Sapattini puplished in 1638 to prevent fire, he suggested that clay or gypsum pigments be add to the paint used for theater scenery to impart some flame resistance.
First attempt to impart flame resistance to cellulose was made in England in 1735 when Obadiah Wyld was granted a patent for a flame retardant mixture containing alum, ferrous sulfate and borax.
Second trial in France in 1821 by Gay-Lussac developed a flame resistant finish by treating linen and jute fabrics with a mixture of
t successful, launder-resistant flame-retardant finish for fabric was the work of Pyrkin who precipitated stannic oxide within the fiber. nc was flame resistant but afterglow was severe and persistent .’1:,
to completely consume the fabric.
tflammability of textiles of all types has received greatly increased n during world war II, and the flammability standards were ed by the American Fedral Trade Commission.