الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This dissertation represents an attempt to exannine some agricultural and industrial factors in relationnship with the yield and quality of geraniun oil. The results obtained during the course of the present invesstigation are sunmarized in the following linee.
A) A,gricul tura1 notes on geranium plant :
1- The 011 percentage in geranium plant was deterrmined monthly over a period that lasted ”for three years including the 1974, 1975 and 1976 sessons. The best time for cutting the plants was during May-1une and SeptemberrNovembeJO.
The geranium oil samples obtained in Autumn and summer showed no signif”icant differences in optical rotaation, refractive index, the es’er number before sn.d after acetylation, the ester number after formylation and the alcohol content.
The mutual solubility behavior noted with the !orement1oned samples showed small differences in the crit1eal solution temperature (O.S.T.) although the
critioal solution coneentration (O.S.O.) was the same in all cases in the same solvent 76.6 % ethanol.
The alcoholic content of the various sanples, using G.L.C. analysis showed that citronellol represents the main alcohol in ~ptian geranium oil followed by garanio 1 and linalool. The alcoholic 00 ntent of the oil recovered from the Autumn cutting was higher than that distilled during the summer harvest.
2- The 011 percentage was determined in plants harrvested during the early morning, at noon, and at sun set. The results showed that the oil content in the plants reached its ma.ximun value at noon and decreased in the other two oases i.e. morning and sun se’t.
The mutual solubility behavior of the foremen Htioned samples showed no significan1 changes and it was apparent in all cases that the O.S.O. corresponding with 75 % oil in aqueous ethanol 76,6 % exhibited the same a.S.T., i.e., 55~O.
J- The oil percentage was detennlned in the plants grown in the shade and under normal rie Id co ndl tiona. The plants grown in the shade proved to be quite poor in their
oil content where the oil yield amounted to na arly half as much as the yield in the case of plants grown tmder nonnal field conditions.
The mutual solubility behavior showed differences in C.S.T. at the same C.S.C. ~or the oil obtained from plants grown in the shade and unde!” nomal field conditions. The sampleD recovered from plants grown in the shade were more polar than the sanple obtained under normal conditions, which means that these samples consisted mainly of alcohols while their ester content was rather poor. On the other hand, the sanples obtained from plants grown under normal conditions ””ere relatively rich in their ester content.
The G.L.C •• analysll9 of these sanples showed that citronellol represents the major alcohol followed by gerraniol and linaloo1.
B) Isolation of geranium oiA :
1- The geranium herb was extracted with n-hexane, to obtain the concrete (0.5 % yield). The properties of the geranium concrete were : m.p. 43 - 48°0., refracti ve index at 60°0. = 1.4521, while the absolute oil content was 63%.
When the absolute oil was sUbjected to water distillation, a yellow transparent volatile oil was obtained. The anaalytical results of the mother absolute oil (green) and the yellow oil showed that the absolute 011 was richer in its ester content than the yellow oil. The ester number after acetylation or fozmylation was lower in the absolute 011 in comparison with the yellow oil.
The actual solubility behavior showed small diffferences in C.S.T. for the mother absolute oil and the yellow oil.
The d.L.C. analysis of the yellow oil and the absolute oil showed that the absolute oil is richer in alcohols in com:pa:rison. with the yellow oil. The yellow oil was relatively rich in linalool when compared with the absolute oil, while the absolute oil contained a larger amount of genaniol and citronellol in comparison with the yellow oil.
2- The water distillate was extracted with n-hexane, where the oil percentage in the water layer amounted to 0.06 %. The analysis of the nomal oil and the extracted oil showed differences in their density and refractive
index. The e stOr nunber bet’ore acotylation of the normal oil was twice the ester number of the extracted oil. mich means tha.t the extracted oil is richer in its alcoholic content in comparison with the extraeted oil.
The mutual solubility behavior showed that the extracted 011 is more polar than the normal oil and this is proba.bly due to its relative richness in alcohols.
The G.L. C. analysis Mowed that the extracted oil contained a relatively high alcohols content in comparison with the normal oil. The extracted oil is quite rich in the linalool content in compar1s~n with the normal oil,
but the citronellol content is still higper than the other two alcoho Is in the ext raeted oils.