الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aim of the work:
This study aims to examine the role of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia as contributing factors to the development of chronic low back pain lasting more than three months in the middle aged female patients and to examine environmental risk factors associated with hypovitaminosis D such as sun exposure, diet and pregnancy.
Conclusions:
Hypovitaminosis D is 60% prevalent among apparently healthy females of child bearing age in Minia despite sunny climate. Females with hypovitaminosis D have triple the risk for developing LBP than those with vitamin D levels >40ng/ml.
Hypovitaminosis D, hyperphosphatasia, and hyperparathyroidism are significantly more common in females of the child-bearing age with chronic LBP than in age matched controls. The major determinants of Hypovitaminosis D in our patients are limited duration to exposure to sun 55%, limited areas of skin exposed to sun 13%, and increased number of pregnancies 2%. It is evident that prolonged sun exposure is associated with higher vitamin D levels than exposing more skin areas.