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Abstract
This work was carried out at Shark EI-Bohairat in Sinai, during the
seasons of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. The objectives of the current work are:-
study the effect of application of different organic manures and NPK fertilizer
(slow release fertilizer) to the sandy soil on the vegetative growth, flowering and
chemical composition of gladiolus cultivars Eurovision, Novolux, Peter Pears
and Rose Supreme as well as study the effect of some commercial biocides,
fungicides on the wilt disease of gladiolus cultivar Rose Supreme and study the
effect of fertilization on the wilt disease of all cultivars of gladiolus under study.
The gladiolus corms of the cultivars were imported from Holland, and the bulbs
with 8-10 cm circumference were chosen for cultivation.
The most important results were:
l-The application of organic manure fertilization generally had stimulatory effect
on the vegetative growth of all tested cultivars of gladiolus. The treatment with
chicken manure significantly produced the largest leaf number, the heaviest fresh
and dry weights of leaves, stems, spike, rachis, corms and cormels of all cultivars
in both seasons.
2- The chicken manure and sewage sludge reduced the days from cultivation till
flowering, increased the length of spike, length of rachis (flowering part of spike),
as well as increased the number of florets per spike and produced the greatest
numbers of new cormels, over control with all cultivars in both seasons.
3-The application of NPK (slow release fertilizers) at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g promoted
the vegetative growth, flowering and corm production of gladiolus plants. The
highest rate of fertilizers at 3.0 g significantly increased the leaf number, the fresh
and dry weights of leaves and stems, decreased the days needed to flowering,
increased the number of florets per plant, the length of both spike and rachis as
well as the fresh and dry weights of spike and rachis , increased number of new
cormels/plant, fresh weight of cormels and the fresh weight of corms with all
tested cultivars of gladiolus and in both seasons.
5-The treatment with organic manure especially chicken manure and the
application of NPK fertilization at highest rate produced the highest percentages
of carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both leaves and corms of
all gladiolus cultivars in both seasons.
6-Novolux and Peter Pears cvs were less susceptible to wilt disease, showed
higher emerged seedlings (87.5% and 93.65%), while Eurovision and Rose
Supreme cultivars were highly susceptible to wilt and showed less emerged
seedlings (75.0% and 68.75%). The biological treatments resulted in high
significant reduction in disease incidence on Rose Supreme cultivar. Plant guard
was superior in controlling the wilt disease followed by Rhizo-N and Clean root.
7-AII tested fungicides significantly diminished the infection of wilt disease
Vitavax- 200 was the most effective fungicide for controlling the wilt disease.
8-Corms produced from plants without fertilization showed lower corm rot
comparing with the fertilized plants. Using sewage sludge and compost as organic
fertilization showed relatively less corm rot comparing to cattle and chicken
manure.
It is clear from the above results that the application (chicken manure or sewage
sludge) and NPK fertilization (slow release fertilizer) at rate of 3.0 g/plant to the
sandy soil is important to improve the vegetative growth, flowering characters and the
corm production of gladiolus.
On the other side, using either Plant guard as biocides or Vitavax as fungicides is very
important to stop the infection with wilt disease.