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Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is the most destructive disease causing losses among the rabbits, so studying this disease of a great importance to protect the rabbit industry in Egypt. One hundred and thirty, 1.5 month old, white New Zealand rabbits were divided into five groups to evaluate the hematological, biochemical, immunological and pathological changes due to vaccination and or infection with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV).Gp (1), 15 rabbits, was the control, non-vaccinated non-infected. Gp (2) was S/C injected with 0.5 ml inactivated liver homogenate (imported vaccine). Gp (3) was S/C injected with 0.5 ml inactivated liver homogenate (local vaccine). Gp (4) was S/C injected with two doses each 0.5 ml of inactivated liver homogenate (local vaccine) with 15 day interval. Gp (5), 40 rabbits was IM injected with RHDV (106.5 virion / ml / rabbit) at the age of 70 day. Gps (2, 3&4), 25 rabbits were subcutaneously vaccinated at the age of 45 day and IM challenged with RHDV (106.5 virion / ml / rabbit) at the age of 70 day. Blood and serum were collected, 10 and 20 day PV (gps.1-4), 1, 2 and 5 day PC and PI (gps.1-5). Tissue specimens were collected, 5 day PC and PI (gps. 2-5). Blood-samples were collected with and without anticoagulant, from the marginal ear-vein. The blood-sample, with anticoagulant, was used to determine the blood-picture. The separated serum was used to study the blood-chemistry and humoral immunity. Specimens were collected from the trachea, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen. They were immediately fixed in neutral buffered formalin. Five micron-thick paraffin sections were prepared and stained with H&E for microscopic examination (Bancroft et al, 1996).(Dullness, anorexia, epistaxis, nervous signs and high mortality rate (62.5%) were the common in the infected rabbits (gp.5), while the vaccinated groups were apparently normal except a few rabbit were dull and anorectic. The mortalities were 13.3% (gp.3) and 62.5% (gp.5) within 5day PC (gp.3), and PI (gp.5).
There was a non-significant change in the erythrogram, reticulocytes and coagulation parameters in gps (2&4), both post-vaccination and post-challenge. Gps (3&5) showed a significant decrease in the RBCs and Hb with regenerative anemia, expressed by a significant increase in the reticulocytes on the 5th day PI due to hemorrhage. The platelets showed a significant decrease and a highly significant prolongation of the bleeding time.The total leukocytic-count was increased in gps (2-4) from the 10th day PV till the 5th day post challenge, due to a significant lymphocytosis and neutrophilia. It was more apparent in gps (2&4) than gp (3). A significant monocytosis was observed in gps (2-4) PV, except a non-significant monocytopenia, 20 day PV (gp.3). Gp (5) showed a significant decrease in the total leukocytic-count, due to a significant decrease in lymphocytes and neutrophils from the 1st day PI till the end of experiment. The eosinophils, basophils and monocytes revealed non- significant changes in gps (2-5).