الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study is concerned with turning of cast ±ron GG 26 with ceramics and Widia tools • Therefore the aim of this work is it find the optimum working conditions specially when using ceramic t~ls ( metallic and non-meta¬llio types) , and comparing ceramio and Widia tools, con¬c~rning the surfaoe roughness • machining cost and produc¬tivityhe work in these investigations has proceeded in the following mannerTwo groups of experiments has been carried out to fulfil the mentioned purposes. In the first group -of experi¬ments , cast iron GG 26 was turned by both types of cera¬mic tools, with a selected speed of 400 m/min. and depth of cut Of 0.3 mm at different feeds ranged from 0.026 to 0.4 mm/rev. ,from which the surface roughness increases as the feeds increase to give a maximum value, then it decreases with the increase in feed till it attains a minimum values at a feed ranged from 0.072 to 0..15 mm/rev., then it increases again. At the same depth of cut 0.3 mm and the optimum feed 0.15 mm/reve ,the same workp1ece ma~1al G~ 26 was t~ed at different speeds ranging i”roDl 80 to 900 m/min” from whioh. it has been found that it ~s recomme~ded to use’ceramic cutting tQols at high
speeds of about 400 m/min. t to Qlltain the best eUI’face quality • It ~ necessa.ry to notify that ,the metallic
ceramic shows better pe~for.mance t~ the non-metallic type in the feed and speed $e~te. The secon~group of experiJnente was done using the
optimum feed of 0.15 ~/rev. which obtained from the fir$t group to det~r.mine the d~ability of ceramic tools and Widia tools • Both types of tools are compared from
the economical and proquotivity points of view. At each selected speed, the flank wear of the cutting tools and
~he surface roughness of the workpieee were measured after each stroke. From the wearing curves, the T-V relation for the investigated tools are plottedccording to the results of these tests, it h$$ been found that Widia tool K 10 is preferable to be used at
speeds less than 250 m/min., while both types of ce~ic t901~ are prefered t~ be used at higher speeds more than
lOO In/min •