الفهرس 
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Abstract
This thesis presents a study of the dynamic characteristics of pneumatic measuring systems of the back pressure type used in measurements of moving parts.
Since the previous studies in this field confirm the confi¬dence use of low back pressure, small measuring volume and lextb orifice and nozzle diameters, to increase the response of the system; phis study is concerned only with low back pressure systems which are commonly used for this purpose. Also due to the large variety of the types of measuring indicators used for recording the measuring pressure, the study is carried out on the orifice nozzle part by using a pressure transducer, the response of which is very fast in relation to the system. Also it is noted that the pneumatic systems characteristics are understood in qua¬litative sense, but little quantitative data are available for the designer of such systems.
Therefore the thesis starts with a survey for the most important aspects concerning the topics under study chapter (1)
as well as studying and classifying the measuring techniques,diffe¬rent methods of measurements and the different applicationsof pneumatic measuring systems in the field of dynamic and static measurements.
Towards the end of this chapter a discussion of the previous work
is presented.