الفهرس 
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Abstract
Management has been defined as the art of ”guiding the activities of a group of people toward the achievement of a Common goal”. This is the simplest definition-an almost Universally accepted one. However, it seems better to emphasize that there sire two distinct basic activities of management: making decisions and providing leadership. Making decisions
is the main role of operations research of management science. However, no universally accepted difinition to operations research yet exists. One defines operations research as ”applied decision theory”. Another says: operations research is it- series attempt to faring scientific method to the aid of Im.,-Aiii-is problems. Any definition Ruch of’ these impliem that 4)j)er i l i i)ns research is it box () r imin4igement too i s which ct, the decision maker uses to provide scientific manijf~emerl t , i .e:
decisions which are not based upon intuition, exI)erience, Judgement and commonsense reasoning. Where, management tools come to wean those concepts, methods, and techniques developed from different fields of science and of applications in management. At almost, management concepts help proper choice among alternative methods Vor’suitable techniques in applications. While management methods or rather statements of goals and policies, form the body of formal rules which guid all the detailed planning in the organization. And management techniques be those algorithms, connotes decision rules, to solve one or more business problems. Like a tool it should never be more than a graspaway. A decision maker will become familier with it as time goes by, and he will come to trust and depend upon it.
The most of the earlist applications of operations research techniques in business, covered various aspects of manufacturing including inventory management. This has lead the thesis to think for gathering techniques of mathematical programming and queuing theory to inventories; of main purpose, to improve the effectiveness of spare parts inventories planning. Through the primary stage of this work, it was found that.