الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Power plants take fresh water from the river or main channels for cooling
system and then discharge water back to the river with temperature rise.
Temperature rise of water affects both physical and chemical properties of water,
which has a negative Effect in aquatic life. The discharge of thermal water from
power plants into open channels is increasing due to the increasing demand on
power plants.
This research program was carried out in order to investigate reducing the thermal
discharge pollution, which comes from power plant outlet structure.
The study included a comparison between some possible alternatives of the outlets,
which are in use such as the box section, the geometric alignment, and the bed
roughness. The Effect of the outlet structure and river parameters on the
concentration of thermal water into the river was also studied.
In this research, the different alternatives were tested in the flume inside the
northern experimental hall of the Hydraulics Research Institute (HRl), the flume
has dimensions of 0.5 m deep, 2 m wide, and 15 m long.
It was found that there is positive Effect of velocity distribution perpendicular to
the river, in the geometric alignment. While the bed roughness produces
turbulences so that the mixing is increased, especially in shallow water condition.
The Effects of outlet configurations are not distinct in the case of deep water
condition as the velocity distribution is uniform.
It is recommended to use the geometric alignment in the future implementation of
the outlet of power plants. While bed roughness might be introduced in existent
outlet, as it will improve the mixing of thermal discharge.