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Abstract
laparoscopy has evolved to become a powerful tool in urologic surgical armentarium.
Almost all urologic procedures can now be performed laparoscopically with varying results and acceptance by the urologic community.
The wide spread acceptance of laparoscopic surgery has been largely propelled by the public awareness that minimally invasive surgery is associated with detectable decrease in patient mortality and morbidity.
Ther are many intraoperative advantages as reduced blood transfusion requirements, more magnification which can enable more precise dissection and less blood loss.
It also has many postoperative advantages as lower incidence of postoperative ileus, fewer narcotics to control the pain postoperatively, shortened recovery time, better cosmetic results and finally more rapid return to normal activities compared with the open procedure.
Laparoscopy has been identified as a procedure that requires dedication, specialization and a long learning curve. However, once properly mastered, experienced laparoscopists can perform several procedures as efficient and as precise as open surgery with even better operative and postoperative outcomes.
Laparoscopic nephrectomy particularly for benign renal disease can be regarded as an attractive and valuable alternative to conventional open surgery.