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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS, also known as disseminated
sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system (CNS),leading to demylination. It may cause numerous physical and mental symptoms, and often progresses to physical and cognitive disability. Disease onset usually occurs in young adults, is more common in women, and has prevalence that ranges between 2 and 150 per
100,000 depending on a country or specific population. Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are known to be a common feature of the disease. Presently, up to 65% of patients are affected and many report that they find the symptoms troublesome. Cognitive impairment is occurring at all stages of the disease, and can be a major source of vocational disability, social impairment, and impoverished quality of life. Magnetic Resonance Imaging has become a routine clinical examination in MS and is used to help the diagnosis and track the natural course of the disease. With the advent of newer quantitative MR techniques—including volumetric MR imaging, magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and proton MR (1H-MR) spectroscopy—our ability to detect and characterize the disease burden, including occult microscopic disease invisible when using conventional MR techniques, has largely improved. 147