الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work aims at the use of Egyptian petroleum waxes with additives in the
production of compounded waxes and tailoring their properties for different
industrial applications. A standard industrial formula was used as a base reference
with its expected all chemical, physical and thermal properties of the produced
compounded wax blend. The components of this formula are paraffin wax (PW),
microcrystalline wax ( MCW), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EV A
Copolymer), [Dicylo pentadiene resin (DCPD tackifying resin)] known
commercially as Escorez 5400 and [ a - Methyl styrene ( a - MS resin)] known
commercially as kristalex F 100. The standard used wax compound is a mixture
of PW(60% wt), MCW ( 14% wt) ,DCPD tackifying resin ( 1.25 % WT), a- MS
resin ( 3.75 % wt ) and EV A( 21 % wt ) . Eighteen formulas based on the
components of this reference formula were investigated by varying the percentage
in weight of the different gradients of this reference formula. These eighteen
formulas of the compounded waxes were prepared and the physical, chemical and
thermal properties were measured. This work includes three main chapters:
The first chapter: summaries the types and usage of waxes from ancient to
modern century. The natural waxes, are divided into two main categories, plant
and animal waxes ,where synthetic wax, the first is named Fisher - Trouph wax
and the second is polyolefin wax. The petroleum waxes are divided into: paraffin
waxes ( Macrocrystalline waxes) and microcrystalline waxes (Micro waxes) . This
chapter includes information about the manufacturing processes of both paraffin
wax and Microcrystalline wax as well as the classification and methods for
determination of properties of compounded waxes. These properties include
physical, chemical and thermal analysis properties for both paraffin wax and
microcrystalline wax. Also, investigated was the effect of different types of
polymers, which can be used in compounded waxes especially Ethylene Vinyl
Acetate Copolymer ( EV A Copolymer) and others and their applications.
The second chapter: includes the experimental work; the general properties
of the raw materials used to prepare compounded waxes, general characterization
of paraffin wax, Microcrystalline wax ,EVA Copolymer, Escorez 5400 ( DCPD
tackifying resin), and kristalex F 100 (a- Ms resin). Discussed are the methods of
analysis of each of the ingredients of all components which are used to prepare
compounded waxes, as well as the experimental methods of preparing the different
compounded waxes.
. The preparation technique of the compounded wax by changing the
percentage of two components without changing the other three components.
Eighteen formulas were prepared based on four cases of compounded wax:
First case: compounded wax prepared by changing the percentage of paraffin
wax (50% wt - 70% wt), Microcrystalline wax ( 4%wt - 24%wt ) while other
ingredients are constant.
Second case: compound waxes prepared by changing the percentage of
paraffin wax (50% wt - 70% wt), EVA Copolymer ( 11 %wt - 31 %wt ), while
other ingredients are constant.