الفهرس 
Chapter I : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is an extremely challenging medical condition
because it is a multifactorial disease that lies at the interface
between the biology of body energy regulation and an
environment (physical and sensory) that has been increasingly
characterized as hostile to good health. Numerous metabolic
complications are associated with abdominal obesity and most
of them, such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia appear to
be link to insulin resistance.
This multifactor syndrome characterized by an excessive
adipose tissue accumulation and could possess a serious health
hazards. Numerous metabolic complications are associated
with abdominal Obesity and most of them, such as diabetes
mellitus, dyslipidemias and arterial hypertension, appear to be
linked to insulin resistance (Zahra, 2002)
Obesity is a chronic disease with metabolic and hemostatic
disturbances, largely due to the associated insulin resistance
and endothelial dysfunction. The majority of these
disturbances, particularly the inflammatory condition as
evidenced by the sialic acid levels and the hypercoagulability
and endothelial dysfunction resemble those of the diabetic
state but with amilder degree. These disturbances also progress
with increased grading of obesity (Eldemery, 2003)
Obesity is caused by sustained imbalance of food intake and
energy expenditure. Evidence suggests that the development
of obesity is a complex interaction between hormonal, genetic,
psychological, socio - economic and cultural nervous system
and the beta 3- adrdnergic receptors in adipose tissue. The
interactio between epinephrine and leptin may operate during
metabolic and psychological stress to regulate energy
Expenditure and food intake attention has been focused on
the identification of molecular pathways that contribute to the
development of obesity (Comuzzie and Allison, t 998). Many
genes have been discovered including. The obesity gene (ob
gene) which encodes the obesity protein or leptin where
mutation of this gene or of the leptin receptor have been
identified in obese subjects.
Other genes included are: the beta -2 and beta-S adrenergic
receptor genes as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha gene (EIAwadi,
2002)
Derninet et sl. (2003) stated that obesity and weight loss
have been shown to alter thyroid hormone homeostasis in
humans. in dogs, obesity is the most common nutritional
problem encountered and weight loss is the cornerstone of its
treatment. Therefore, obesity and weight loss can affect
th .oid function test results in that s ecies.