الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out in El-Mattana Research Station, Quena Governorate during the two successive seasons 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to study the effect of planting dates, nitrogen sources and rates of fertilizer and their interactions on growth, quality, yield and yield components for plant crops of the new sugar cane variety ph8013.
The experimental design was a split – split plot with four replications . The three planting dates(15th March., 15th April. and 15th May) were randomly distributed to the main plot, the three nitrogen sources (Urea 46 % nitrogen, Ammonium nitrate 33.5 % nitrogen and Ammonium sulphate 20.5 % nitrogen) were assigned as sub-plot and the three nitrogen fertilization levels (180 kg N/fed., 220 kg N/fed. and 260 kg N/fed.). were allocated as sub-sub-plots. Each plot contains five rows, the length of each row is seven meters.
Sugar cane was planted on the above mentioned planting dates and harvested after 12 months in both seasons .
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
I- : Effect of planting dates , nitrogen sources and levels as well as their interaction on growth characters.
1.Number of plants / m2:
Number of plant /m2 was significantly affected by planting dates in the two seasons, except at 75 days in the second season . Planting sugar cane on April 15th gave the highest number of plant /m2 at 75,105,120 days in the first season , at 90 days in the second season . As well as, planting sugar cane on May 15th gave the highest number at plant /m2 at 90, 105 and 120 days in the first season.
Concerning the effect of nitrogen sources on number of plant /m2 was significant at 75 and 120 days in the first season and at 90 and 105 days in the second season. The highest number of plant /m2 was obtained by using ammonium sulphate.
Nitrogen levels caused a significant effect on number of plant /m2 at 75 days ages in the second season only. Number of plant /m2 increased with increasing levels of nitrogen.
The interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen sources on number of plants /m2 was significant at 75, 90, 105 and 120 days in 2005/2006 season as well as at 90 and 105 days in 2006/2007 season.
The interaction effect of nitrogen sources X nitrogen levels on stalk length was significant at 180 days age in two seasons. The tallest plant was obtained from ammonium nitrate with 180 kg. N/fed. in the first plant crop, while in the second season the tallest plant was obtained from the same sources with 220 kg. N/fed.
2.Stalk length:
Stalk length was not significantly affected by planting dates in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons except, at 240 days in 2005/2006 was significant. Planting on May 15th gave the tallest plants, while the shortest ones were recoded from planting on March 15th .
Stalk length was not significantly affected by nitrogen sources at the four sampling times in both seasons except, at 210 days in the second season. The highest values of stalk length were obtained by using ammonium nitrate and urea.
Insignificant differences were noticed in stalk length at studied dates in response to nitrogen fertilization levels in the two plant crops except, at 240 days in 2006/2007 season. The highest values were obtained from applying 220 kg. N/fed.
The interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen sources on stalk length was significant at 180 and 240 days age in two seasons as well as at 210 and 270 days in first plant crop.
The interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen levels on stalk length was significant at 180 days age in two seasons , 210 and 240 days age in 2006/2007 season. The tallest plant was recoded from planting sugar cane plants on April 15th and application 220 kg. N/fed. at all ages in first and second seasons.
The interaction effect of nitrogen sources X nitrogen levels on stalk length was significant at 180 days age in two seasons. The tallest plant were obtained from ammonium nitrate with 180 kg. N/fed. in the first plant crop, while in the second season the tallest plant was obtained from the same sources with 220 kg. N/fed.
3. Stalk diameter:
Regarding the effect of planting dates on stalk diameter was not significant in the two seasons. The results revealed that nitrogen sources had significant effect on stalk diameter at 180 days age in 2005/2006 season and at 210 days age in 2006/2007 season.
The effect of N. fertilization levels was significant at 180, 210 and 240 days age in the first season only. There are successive and significant increase in this trait as N levels was increased up to 260 kg. N/fed.
Regarding, the interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen sources on stalk diameter, it was significant at 180 days age in 2005/2006 and at 270 days in 2006/2007 season. Concerning the effect of interaction between planting dates X nitrogen levels was significant at 180 and 210 days age in the first season, the highest values were obtained from planting sugar cane on April 15th with 260 kg. N/fed.
The effect of interaction between nitrogen sources X nitrogen levels on stalk diameter in two plant crops was affected significantly at 180 days in 2005/2006 season and at 240 days age in 2006/2007season.
In addition, the interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen sources X nitrogen levels on stalk diameter was insignificant in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 seasons.
4- Total soluble solids (T.S.S.%):
T.S.S.% was significantly affected by planting dates at all ages in two seassons. In the first season the highest values produced by planting date of April 15th at 180 and 210 days. In addition, by planting on May 15th at 240 and 270 days. In the second season, the highest values produced by planting on April 15th at 180 days, as well as recorded by planting on May 15th at 210, 240 and 270 days.
Total soluble solids percentage was significantly affected by nitrogen sources at 180, 210, 240 and 270 days in two plant crops. The highest total soluble solids percentage was obtained by using urea in all ages in the first season, expect at 270 days with ammonium nitrate. While, in the second crop the highest ones was obtained by using urea applied at 210, 240 and 270 days, while, ammonium nitrate gave the highest T.S.S.% at 180 days.
Total soluble solids percentage was increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization levels in both seasons. Concerning the effect of nitrogen fertilization on T.S.S.%, the results showed that T.S.S.% was significantly affected by levels at all sampling periods in the 1st and 2nd seasons, expect at 210 and 270 days in first season, at 240 days in second season.
. The effect of interaction between planting dates and nitrogen sources on total soluble solids percentagewas significant at 180 and 240 days age in first season, as well as at 210 days in the second season. Planting sugar cane plants on April 15th or May 15th and applying urea gave the highest values of T.S.S.% at 180 and 240 days in the 1st season, respectively. While, planting on May 15th and applying ammonium sulphate gave the highest T.S.S.% at 210 days in the second season.
The interaction effect between planting dates and nitrogen fertilization levels on T.S.S.% was significant at 210 days in the first season. The highest values was obtained from planting sugar cane on April 15th and application 180 kg N/fed.
II - Effect of planting dates , nitrogen sources and levels as well as their interaction on yield and its components:
1. Stalk height (cm.):
Planting on May 15th gave the tallest plants, while the shortest one was recorded from planting on April 15th.
Stalk height was significantly increased by using ammonium nitrate. Whereas, the lowest obtained from using urea applied.
Fertilization levels nitrogen attained a positive and significant effect on stalk height in the both seasons.
Planting sugar cane plants on May 15th with using ammonium sulphate attained the highest stalk height in the first season.
With regard to the interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen levels, the highest values were obtained from planting sugar cane on May 15th and application 260 kg N/fed. in the first season.
Planting dates X nitrogen sources X N. levels interactions had significant effect on this trait in 2006/2007 season. The highest values were resulted from planting sugar cane plants on April 15th and using ammonium nitrate with applications 180 kg N/fed.
2. Stalk diameter (cm.):
Planting date of (May 15th) which was associated with the maximum values in two seasons for stalk diameter
The results cleared that the differences in stalk diameter among the studied nitrogen sources were significant in the second season.
Increasing the applied doses of nitrogen fertilization levels increased slightly stalk diameter.
Regarding, the interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen sources on stalk diameter at harvesting, it was significant in the first season. Planting on May 15th with using ammonium nitrate, gave the highest values.
Stalk diameter was significantly affected by the interaction between planting dates and nitrogen fertilization levels in the first season. The highest values were obtained from planting sugar cane on May 15th with nitrogen levels 260 kg N/fed.
3. Number of internodes per stalk:
The results showed that date of planting had significant effect on number of internodes/stalk in two seasons. Planting on March 15th produced the highest value.
The number of internodes/stalk was insignificantly affected by nitrogen sources in both seasons.
The results cleared that increasing fertilization level nitrogen was significantly increased number of internodes/stalk in two seasons. Applying 260 kg N/fed. caused a relative increase in the number of internodes/stalk.
The effect of interaction between planting dates and nitrogen fertilization levels on number of internodes/stalk was significant in both seasons.
4. Cane yield (ton/fed.):
The results showed that the date of planting exhibited a significant effect on cane yield/fed. in the two seasons. Planting on March 15th gave the highest yield/fed.
Cane yield was significantly affected by nitrogen sources in first season Ammonium sulphate fertilizer gave the highest cane yield.
The highest values were obtained from application 260 kg N/fed. which gave 61.30 ton/fed.
Cane yield/fed. was significantly affected by the interaction between planting dates and nitrogen sources in the first plant crop, the highest values of cane yield were produced from planting sugar cane on March 15th with applied ammonium sulphate..
In the first season, the highest values of cane yield were recorded from planting sugar cane on March 15th with application 180 kg N/fed.
The highest cane yield/fed. was obtained from planting sugar cane on March 15th and using ammonium sulphate with application 180 kg N/fed. in the first season.
5. Sugar yield (ton/fed.):
Early planting date (March 15th) gave the highest sugar yield in the two growing seasons.
Concerning the effect of nitrogen sources on average sugar yield (ton/fed.) was significant in the 2005/2006 season. The highest sugar yield/fed. was obtained when using ammonium nitrate.
Sugar yield was significantly affected by nitrogen levels in the second season, The highest values of sugar yield were recorded from application 260 kg N/fed..
The interaction effect between planting dates and nitrogen sources on sugar yield was significant in second season. The highest value , was produced from planting sugar cane on March 15th and using urea.
Sugar yield/fed. was significantly affected by the interaction between planting dates and nitrogen fertilization levels in the second plant crop, the highest sugar yield/fed. obtained from planting sugar cane on March 15th and with the application at 260 kg N/fed.
The interaction effect between nitrogen sources and nitrogen levels was significant in the first season. Maximum sugar yield/fed. was recorded from received ammonium sulphate with application 180 kg N/fed.
III - Effect of planting dates , nitrogen sources and levels as well as their interaction on juice quality.
1. Brix percentage :
The results indicated that planting on May 15th gave the highest brix percentage with significant effect in first season.
Brix percentage was not significantly affected by nitrogen sources and levels at the two seasons.
The interaction effect between planting dates and nitrogen sources on brix percentage was significant in the first season. The highest percentages of brix were obtained from planting sugar cane on May 15th with applying ammonium sulphate.
Brix percentage was significantly affected by the interaction effect between nitrogen sources and nitrogen levels in the first season. The highest percentage was obtained from applying ammonium sulphate at application 180 kg N/fed.
2. Sucrose percentage:
Sucrose percentage was significantly affected by changing date of planting in both seasons. Planting on March 15th gave the highest sucrose percentage (18.88%) in first season, while planting on April 15th gave the highest ones (20.12%) in the second season.
The sucrose percentage was significantly affected by nitrogen sources in the first season. Ammonium sulphate gave the highest sucrose percentage than the other sources.
Fertilizing sugar cane with 260 kg N/fed. recorded the highest values of sucrose percentage in both seasons.
The effect of interaction between planting dates and nitrogen sources on sucrose percentage, it was significant in the first season. The highest percentage recorded from planting sugar cane on April 15th with applying urea.
Sucrose percentage was significantly affected by the interaction effect between planting date and nitrogen fertilization levels in the first season. Maximum sucrose percentage was recorded on March 15th with received 260 kg N/fed..
The interaction effect between nitrogen sources and nitrogen fertilization levels had significant on sucrose percentage. The greatest sucrose percentage was recorded from using ammonium nitrate with 260 kg N/fed.
3. purity %:
Purity % was significantly affected by planting dates in both seasons. Planting on March 15th and April 15th gave the highest percentage of purity..
Results showed that the purity percentage was significantly affected in the first season by nitrogen sources. Ammonium sulphate gave the highest value.
Increasing nitrogen fertilization levels decreased purity%, this effect was significant in first season.
Regarding, the interaction effect between planting dates and nitrogen sources on purity percentage, it was significant in the first season. The highest values recorded from planting on March 15th with applying ammonium sulphate.
The interaction effect of planting dates and nitrogen fertilization levels on purity percentage was significant in first season. The highest percentage obtained from sugar cane planting on March 15th with application 180 kg N/fed.
Moreover, the interaction between nitrogen sources and levels on purity percentage was significant in first season, the highest value was obtained from applying ammonium nitrate at application 260 kg N/fed.
4. Sugar recovery percentage (SR%):
The highest percentage of sugar recovery was recoded from planting sugar cane on March 15th in the first and second seasons with significant differences.
Regarding the effect of nitrogen sources on sugar recovery percentage was not significant in both seasons.
Increasing nitrogen fertilization produced a significant increment in sugar recovery values in the second season.
The results obtained cleared that the interaction effect between planting dates and nitrogen sources , as well as among planting dates and nitrogen fertilization levels on sugar recovery percentage ( SR%) were significant in both seasons.
5.Reducing sugars percentage:
The maximum values of reducing sugar were recorded with the middle planting date (April 15th).The effect was significant in the first season.
From the obtained data, it was noticed that nitrogen sources had significant effect on reducing sugars percentage in both seasons.
Reducing sugars percentage was significantly affected by nitrogen levels in second season.
Regarding the interaction effect between planting dates and nitrogen sources on reducing sugars, it was significant in the first season. The highest values were recorded from planting on (April 15th) with applying ammonium nitrate.
Moreover, the interaction effect of planting dates X nitrogen fertilization levels on reducing sugar percentage was significant in first season. The highest reducing sugars were obtained when planting on (April 15th) with application 180 kg N/fed.