الفهرس 
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Abstract
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~ummar!J {;- L-OnCIUSlon
Summary & Conclusion
Smoking has its awkward implications on the cardiovascular
system (CVS) as was proved in manystudies. Many smokers do suffer
from cardiovascular diseases and are hell on a long term drug regimens.
So this study was carried out in order to assess the effect of chronic
smoking on CVS response to perindopril and verapamil in adult male and
female albino rats.
The objectives were as follows:
1. To determine the effect of chronic smoking on the following
parameters:
• Lipid profile (LDL, HDL, CHOL., and TRIG.)
• Heart rate.
• ECG changes (QRS amplitude, PR interval, ST segment
and T wave changes)
3. To determine the effect of perindopril and verapamil on these
changes and the effect of chronic smoking on the response to these
drugs.
Ninety Six rats (48 males and 48 females) were divided into 12
groups, 6 male and 6 female grOU}JS, 8 rats each. Eight groups were
conducted to Marlboro cigarette smol.e exposure for a period of 6 weeks
duration.