الفهرس يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Polyunsaturated fatty acids not synthesized in the body but required for normal metabolism called essential fatty acids (EFAs), these fatty acids are linoleic (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4). In the last 20 years, epidemiologic studies, clinical investigations, and animal experiments have expanded our knowledge of the properties of dietary fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. So, this study aimed to study impact of individual or mixed plant oils and ground (walnut, pecans, almond and sesame ( sources of Omega-3 fatty acids) on cardiovascular heart diseases of rats. Four types of oils and ground (walnut, pecans, almond and sesame) were the main materials of this study. The oils and ground were added to basic diets individually as 5% and 10% of total diet and mixtures as 10% of total diet. Moisture and ash value were determined according to AOA C, (1999), protein value was determined according to method described by the AOA C, (1995), fat content was determined according to AOA C, (1995) and carbohydrate was estimated by difference. Fatty acids content of oils were estimated by HPLC and method described in AOA C, (2000). A total of eighty (80) adult western strain white male healthy albino rats which were purchased from Helwan Farm of age eight weeks old (100-120g) were used. The rats were housed individually in wire cages under hygienic conditions, in an air-conditioned animal lap at Faculty of Home Economics, Minoufiya University. Diets were given in a non- scattering feed cups to minimize food spoilage, water was provided to the rats by means of glass tube projecting through the wire cage from an inverted bottle supported to one side of the cage. Food and water provided ad-labitum and checked. The eighty rats were fed the basal diet for four consecutive days, for adaptation period after that all groups fed the diet content of cholesterol (1.5 % from meal) except for the negative control group; the rest of groups will be fed for 2 weeks on the mentioned food to caused hypercholesterolemia. After that all groups of rats were moved on the experimental diet and then divided into 20 groups (4 rats each) and fed the experimental diets for 28 days, they classified as follow:-1- Control negative :( in which normal rats fed basal (Casein based) for four weeks. 2- Control positive (+): (the group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet + 1% cholesterol powder). 3- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet + 0.5% cholesterol + 5% walnut oil + 5% corn oil)4- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet + 0.5% cholesterol + 10% walnut oil).5- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% pecan oil + 5% corn oil).6- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 10% pecans oil)7- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% almond oil + 5% corn oil). 8- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 10% almond oil).9- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% sesame oil + 5% corn oil).10- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 10 % sesame oil).11- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% ground walnut + 5% corn oil).12- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 10% ground walnut).13- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% ground pecan+ 5 % corn oil).14- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 10% ground pecan).15- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% ground almond + 5% corn oil).16- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 10% ground almond).17- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + 5% ground sesame + 5% corn oil).18- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol +10% ground sesame).19- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + mixtures oil 10%)20- The group with hypercholesterolemia (regular diet +0.5% cholesterol + mixtures ground 10%). At the end of biological experiment, the animals were sacrificed under ether anaethesied and blood samples were collected in clean dry centrifuge glass tubes. For determination of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, VLDL-c, HDL-c, ALT, AST and other blood parameters. The liver, heart, kidney, lung and spleen were removed from each rat and weighed. All obtained data were statistically and lyzed by SPSS computer software. The results presented as mean ± standard deviations. Significant differences calculated by t-test to comparing the experimental groups and control group. This results shown that the control negative was significantly reduce in intial weight while was significantly increased in final, body weight gain, BWG% and fed efficiency ratio than control positive. As for the group of control (-) was significant lower in cholesterol, triglycericles, LDL-c, VLDL-c and highly in HDL-c, and also the group of control (-) was significantly lower in uric acid, urea, creatinine, AST and ALT than control (+). Concerning organs weight and relative organs weight (heart, kidney, liver, lungs and spleen) of control (-) the mean value were nearly equals when compared with control (+) but the mean value of liver weight of control (-) was significant reduce (P≤ 0.05) than control (+), also relative organs of liver of control (-) was significantly lower (P≤ 0.001) as compared with control (+). The intial weight of rats fed on walnut, pecan, almond, sesame and mixture oils and ground at 5% and 10% level were significantly lower than control group. Meanwhile, final weight of groups which fed 5% and 10% level of walnut, pecans, almond, sesame and mixture oils and ground were significantly higher when compared with control group. The results revealed that the body weight gain and BWG% of all experimental groups were significantly increased as compared with control group. Moreover, the feed efficiency ratio of rats fed 5% walnut oil, sesame oil and mixture oil 10% was highly significant than control group. Concerning serum total cholesterol, the value of group which fed 5% and 10% level of walnut, pecans, almond, sesame and mixture oils and ground was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than control group. Meanwhile the mean value of triglycerids of group which fed on (walnut, pecans, almond, sesame and mixture oils and ground at 5% and 10% level was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.001) when compared with control group. On the other hand, the value of LDL-c and VLDL-c of all experimental group were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than control group. Concerning serum HDL-c the rats fed on walnut, pecans, almond, sesame and mixture oil and ground at 5% and 10% level was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001) as compared with control group. Moreover, the mean value of uric acid, urea and creatinine of all experimental group were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than control group. On other hand, the values of serum enzyme activity (AST and ALT) of all experimental groups were significantly reduced than control group. The histopathological examination of liver and heart, of treated groups revealed more or less the same pathological changes, but differs in the degree of severity. In relation to types of fruits oils or ground, since the ground of walnut, pecans, almond, sesame and mixtures oils and ground were better for cardiovascular diseases and development of liver status. It is recommended to must intake a large amount of Omega-3 fatty acid because it is beneficial for treatment of cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alargey and etc. Concluded that results we must be obtained to Omega-3 fatty acid from plant sources because of its high beneficial for human health.